Materials Literature
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Three-dimensional porous silicon p–n diodes made by standard industrial processing (see Figure) result in an energy-conversion layer with a large surface/volume ratio. This structure increases radioisotope energy-conversion efficiency tenfold, and could lead to a practical nuclear battery that lasts for many years. Ex…
A semi-empirical formalism based on the second moment tight binding approach, considering two bands is presented for deriving interatomic potentials for magnetic d-band materials and transition metal alloys. It incorporates an empirical local exchange interaction, which accounts for magnetic effects without increasing…
We present a time-resolved optical study of the dynamics of carriers and phonons in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As layers for a series of Mn and hole concentrations. While band filling is the dominant effect in transient optical absorption in low-temperature-grown (LT) GaAs, band gap renormalization effects become important with in…
Supercooled liquids near the glass transition exhibit the phenomenon of heterogeneous relaxation; at any specific time, a nominally homogeneous equilibrium fluid undergoes dynamic fluctuations in its structure on a molecular distance scale with rates that are very different in different regions of the sample. Several…
We have measured the electric field modulated absorption of a sample of single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) suspended in a solid polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The electroabsorption (EA) spectrum roughly follows the first derivative of the absorption with respect to photon energy, scales quadratically with the electric field st…
The study of system of magnetic nano-particle has received increasing attention recently both because of the novel physical concepts involved and also because of their vast potential for application. The influence of background material (the substrate coating) on magnetic properties of such systems is a relatively ope…
It has been known theoretically that localized states exist around the zigzag edges of a graphite ribbon and of a carbon nanotube, whose energy eigenvalues are located between conduction and valence bands. We find that in metallic, zigzag single-walled, carbon nanotubes two of the localized states become critical, and…
The molecular mechanisms involved in the aging of collagen and consequent increase in mechanical strength and stiffness occur in a series of enzymic and non-enzymic intermolecular cross-links. The enzymic mechanism involves divalent aldimine intermolecular cross-links derived from the reaction of aldehydes which then…
Here, we report a generic synthetic approach to rationally design multiply connected and hierarchically branched nanopores inside anodic aluminum oxide templates. By using these nanochannels, we controllably fabricate a large variety of branched nanostructures, far more complex than what exists today. These nanostruct…
The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) transitions associated with various excitons and their phonon replicas in high-purity bulk ZnO has been studied at temperatures from 12K to above room temperature (320K). Several strong PL emission lines associated with longitudinal optical (LO) phonon replicas…
A pH-responsive surface has been fabricated by chemisorption of HS(CH2)9CH3 and HS(CH2)10COOH in an appropriate ratio onto a fractal-like gold structure. The surface exhibits superhydrophobicity in an acidic environment and superhydrophilicity under basic conditions. The Figure (right, top) shows an acid droplet on th…
A new class of praseodymium-doped ceramics simultaneously displays electrostriction (the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy), mechanoluminescence, and electroluminescence. For example, red-light emission is produced upon compression (see Figure). These environmentally friendly materials may find ap…
Electric field effect devices based on mesoscopic graphite are fabricated for galvanomagnetic measurements. Strong modulation of magnetoresistance and Hall resistance as a function of the gate voltage is observed as the sample thickness approaches the screening length. Electric field dependent Landau level formation i…
A lead-free high-Curie-point Aurivillius-phase ferroelectric ceramic, CaBi2Nb2O9, has been fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). It has a Curie point (943 °C) that is much higher than previously reported (650 °C). The piezoelectric constant d33 of the SPS textured material was nearly three times that of ordinary…
Uniform cubooctahedral nanoparticles of Pd were synthesized using a modified polyol process. Like the silver system, the Pd nanoparticles underwent dissolution due to oxidative etching by Cl-/O2. In the early stage of etching, the twinned particles in a sample were selectively removed to leave behind uniform, single-c…
Introduction With elastic deformation, the strains are proportional to the stress, so every level of stress causes some elastic deformation. On the other hand, a definite level of stress must be applied before any plastic deformation occurs. As the stress is further increased, the amount of deformation increases, but…
Abstract A reduction of the size and weight of connecting rods can be obtained using the deposition of bearing materials by thermal spraying directly on the substrate. For this application several thermal spray processes are coming in competition. However the aspect of the metallurgical reactions during the coating de…
Abstract In this paper, the modified method of plasma spraying using liquid suspension feedstock was used to elaborate thin titanium dioxide coatings. TiO2 Degussa P25 powder were dispersed by continuous stirring in distilled water and alcoholic solutions and injected in an Ar-H2 or Ar-H2-He plasma plume under atmosph…
Abstract Sr 2 FeMoO 6 and Sr 2 CoMoO 6 were studied by use of density functional theory. For tetragonal and cubic Sr 2 FeMoO 6 , band structure and density of states show a slightly different pattern. Both crystal systems are ferrimagnetic and half‐metallic, in agreement with previous theoretical studies by diverse me…
Co 2 MnSi thin films were grown on Al2O3 (a plane) and GaAs (001) substrates and on thin silicon nitride windows using pulsed laser deposition. Angle-dependent magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements reveal both a uniaxial and a fourfold magnetocrystalline anisotropy for films grown on GaAs (001). X-ray magnetic circul…