Materials Literature
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Abstract This paper proposes a Finite-Element-Analysis-based mechanistic model to predict internal localized pitting corrosion rates of petroleum pipelines in sweet (CO2) production environments. In this model, the computational domain consisted of a hemispherical pit and a thin boundary layer of an electrolyte soluti…
Abstract Microbial influenced corrosion on different grades of carbon steel coupons used in pipelines were investigated in this study. Microbes were isolated and cultivated from oil well produced water samples, and immersion tests were conducted with these waters, microbes and coupons. Bacteria were identified with 16…
Abstract Nalco B Morrow Nalco This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical deployed and present the chemical returns profile from the 3 wells treated (some treatments lasting > 450 days) along with monitoring methods utilised to confirm scale control in the wells treated. The paper also…
Abstract Top-of-line (TOL) corrosion in large diameter wet gas pipelines in sweet (CO2) service has been reported as an issue in the oil and gas industry. TOL corrosion happens mainly in stratified flow regime, when corrosive water phase condenses at the top of a pipeline. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that…
Polymer nanocomposites represent a new class of material alternative to conventionally filled polymers. This new class of material is synthesized from a mixed polymeric matrix at a weak percentage with montmorillonites as inorganic charges. Their dispersion is facilitated by the organophilization of their structure by…
The aim of the paper is to develop a mathematical model to predict vertical wicking behaviour of woven fabric. The first part of this series (Part I) has dealt with the mathematical model for predicting vertical wicking through yarn. In this part a model has been proposed to predict vertical wicking of the woven fabri…
Abstract The selection of corrosion inhibition in combination with carbon steel is an economically preferable corrosion control strategy for many oil & gas projects. The traditional approach to evaluate the viability of corrosion inhibition combines an assessment of corrosion inhibitor efficiency and availability.…
Abstract In contact with a sour solution, the absorption and the diffusion of hydrogen in a model molybdenum containing steel with a quench and temper microstructure was characterized with the electrochemical permeation technique. The implementation of a subsequent decay transient to the build-up allowed the determina…
Abstract Elemental sulfur is often produced by sour gas wells and carried by the sour gas during the production and transportation. When temperatures and pressures change, sulfur may first precipitate out from the sour gas and then deposit on the production tubing or pipeline wall. Sulfur deposition can significantly…
Abstract Oil and gas production facilities transport a wide range of fluids which may contain carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and many other species that may lead to a corrosive environment. To ensure safe and cost effective production operations it is important to understand the combined effect of H2S an…
Abstract Superduplex stainless steels have been used in seawater systems since 1986 as castings and since 1990 as wrought product. The performance has generally been excellent with few problems. However, seawater is a complex medium and, depending on the redox potential, stainless steels can adopt a wide range of pote…
Abstract In the UK, there are strict regulations governing the use of production chemicals in offshore oil and gas fields. Production chemicals are required to have a good environmental profile; during the last decade many harmful products used offshore have been replaced with more environmentally friendly variants. I…
Abstract During the exploitation of Sichuan sour gas field in China, the content of hydrogen sulfide in some wells is more than 10%, where the H2S partial pressure reaches about 3MPa. The temperature in the well is about 95~115°C. Since there is not much experience on the corrosion of carbon steels under these kinds o…
Abstract Transportation of hydrocarbons accompanied by a liquid or supercritical CO2 phase has recently become a significant concern in the oil and gas industry particularly as related to exploitation of high CO2 content gas-fields. The issue of internal line corrosion under such condition has a much broader relevance…
Theoretical models have been proposed in this article (Parts I and II) to predict the vertical wicking behaviour of yarns and fabrics based on different fibre, yarn and fabric parameters. The first part of this article deals with the modelling of flow through yarn during vertical wicking, whereas the second part deals…
Abstract Based on laboratory and field data, the presence of acetic acid (HAc) in oilfield brines has been found to enhance both the occurrence and the rate of localized CO2 Top-of-Line Corrosion (TLC). However, the fundamental role of this organic compound in CO2 corrosion is still a controversial topic, particularly…
In this paper, the effect of salts precipitators (SP) and nano-filtration (NF) on the scale deposits of multistage flash (MSF) is studied using the Skillman index for estimating the likelihood of calcium sulfate scaling. The analysis was carried out to study the sulfate scale potential for seawater with 0 to 100% pret…
Abstract The presence of surface deposits, such as sand, iron sulfide or organic solids in oil and gas production systems can lead to premature failure of fluid-handling equipment. When corrosion occurs under solid deposition, the process of corrosion is often referred to as under-deposit corrosion (UDC). The UDC mech…
Abstract Deposits can play an important role in the corrosion rate and morphology of carbon steel in a production environment as well as affect the efficacy of an inhibitor. A test method has been developed to investigate the corrosion characteristics of carbon steel in a stratified flow regime where deposits of solid…
Abstract Rotated cage corrosion experiments (4 m/s) were performed with flat coupons of 2 carbon steels (38Mn6/C75, X65) and 3 Cr-containing steels (X20Cr13, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) and X1NiCrMoCu 25-20-5 (1.4539)) in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and different amounts of water at 50, 80, 110 a…