Materials Literature
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Confining a colloidal crystal within a long narrow channel produced by two parallel walls can be used to impose a meso-scale superstructure of a predominantly mechanical elastic character [Chui et al., EPL 2008, 83, 58004]. When the crystal is compressed in the direction perpendicular to the walls, we obtain a structu…
Light heavyweight champion: Chemically cross-linked dendrimer nanoclusters (DNCs) have been developed as a platform for preparing targeted magnetic resonance contrast agents. The extremely high gadolinium payload causes the DNCs to show a significant improvement in tumor contrast compared with pre-contrast images (see…
The first phase of the ESRF beamline ID23 to be constructed was ID23-1, a tunable MAD-capable beamline which opened to users in early 2004. The second phase of the beamline to be constructed is ID23-2, a monochromatic microfocus beamline dedicated to macromolecular crystallography experiments. Beamline ID23-2 makes us…
The self-assembly of nanocrystals enables new classes of materials whose properties are controlled by the periodicities of the assembly, as well as by the size, shape, and composition of the nanocrystals. While self-assembly of spherical nanoparticles has advanced significantly in the past decade, assembly of rod-shap…
In optoelectronic devices, chromophores can be designed at the molecular level to create materials with properties desired for advanced applications. Organic fluorophores in particular can be constructed with macroscopic properties that arise from two distinct contributions: (i) the collective impact of the molecular…
Thermoelectric clathrates hold significant promise for high temperature applications with zT values exceeding 1.3. The inorganic clathrates have been shown to be both chemically and thermally stable at high temperatures, and high performance can be obtained from both single crystals and processed powders. The clathrat…
Graphene based sheets have stimulated great interest due to their superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. A general visualization method that allows quick observation of these single atomic layers would be highly desirable as it can greatly facilitate sample evaluation and manipulation, and provide im…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTLow Dielectric Constant MaterialsWilli Volksen†, Robert D. Miller†, and Geraud Dubois*†‡View Author Information Department of Advanced Organic Materials, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, and Department of Materials Science and Engineeri…
The density functional theory method (M05-2X/6-31G(d)) was used to investigate reaction mechanisms for deoxygenation of graphene oxides (GOs) with hydrazine or heat treatment. Three mechanisms were identified as reducing epoxide groups of GO with hydrazine as a reducing agent. No reaction path was found for the hydraz…
Scatterometry has been used extensively for the characterization of critical dimensions (CD) and detailed sidewall profiles of periodic structures in microelectronics fabrication processes. So far the majority of applications are for symmetric gratings. In most cases devices are designed to be symmetric although error…
In this review paper, the macro and microcharacteristics of superplasticity will be analyzed. Based on the macroscopic features of the superplasticity, the joining of ceramics as a new application will be analyzed with special emphasis in the fabrication of functional gradient ceramics materials. Finally, the new tren…
The AlH(1-6), Al(2)H(1-7), Al(3)H(1-9), Al(m)H(3m) (m = 4-10), and the periodic helical structure of the one-dimensional (1D) alane are studied by means of density functional theory calculations. The helical isolated structure is more stable than those in the corresponding cyclic and other geometries. A new periodic 1…
Abstract KDP crystals were rapidly grown from solutions doped with different Nd 3+ concentrations. During the growth process, “foggy” inclusions were selectively captured in the pyramidal sector of KDP crystal and hourglass shaped crystals were obtained. It is found that the nonuniform distribution of Nd 3+ ions cause…
The decomposition and oxidation of 2-propanol on clean and O-precovered Ir(111) were studied using temperature-programmed desorption and molecular beam reactive scattering. On the clean surface, 2-propanol reacts via a 2-propoxide intermediate, followed by β-hydride elimination (the reaction-limiting step), producing…
When pyrimidine-functionalized carbon nanotubes were incubated with single-stranded DNA ligase, formations of macroscopic aggregates were observed. Wet-cell transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that the nanotubes were radially bound to form a 3D latticelike structure. These structures were not observed in…
We study numerically an instability mechanism for the formation of shear bands at high strain-rate deformations of metals. We use a reformulation of the problem that exploits scaling properties of the model, in conjunction with adaptive finite element methods of any order in the spatial discretization and implicit Run…
Abstract We examined a simple approach, i.e., etching cover glasses using hydrofluoric acid (HF), to determine whether cover glass treatment enhances nucleation in hanging drop protein crystallization. Hen egg white lysozyme and proteinase K were used as the model proteins. We found that the treatment increased the su…
Cellulose nitrate polymer was produced from sawdust of Nigeria origin using a method, which involved alternate alkaline and chlorination treatment to remove non‐cellulosic constituents, followed by nitration reaction. The effects of nitrating acid mixture type and composition, nitrating time and nitrating acid mixture…
The martensite to austenite phase transition in the off-stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni(50)Mn(34)In(16) can be induced both by temperature change and by application of a magnetic field. We have used scanning Hall probe imaging to study the magnetic field induced martensite-austenite phase transition. The study provide…
In ZnO hierarchical heterostructures of zinc antimonate nanoislands on ZnO nanobelts, the substitution of Sb(5+) for Zn(2+) induces lattice contraction and a variation in vacancy defects, and moreover the preferential accumulation and segregation of Sb in [001] planes results in the intense perturbation of atomic moti…