Materials Literature
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Description This unique volume explores the use of various standardized methods for specifying and controlling the compaction of soils for engineered constructed earth fills. Topics address the historical background, current state-of-the-art practices, case histories of challenging situations, new concerns regarding a…
The seasonal dynamics of cyanobacterial and diatom assemblages in 11 water bodies along a meso- to hypertrophic gradient were compared. The cyanobacterial and diatom communities are charac- terised according to representative species of each algal class, selected by data reduction following prin- cipal component analy…
The effect of adding salt to three different micellar chiral nematic phases, and the effect of structure of two chiral dopants, hexahydromandelic acid (HHMA) and mandelic acid (MA), on two achiral nematic host phases have been investigated. The addition of salt to the chiral nematic phases increased the pitch length,…
Absorption of H2 is a sensitive technique for the study of the effects of impurity gases on H2 chemisorption by Pd because chemisorbed is an intermediate for absorption. Since large amounts of hydrogen are absorbed by Pd, the absorption can be readily followed experimentally. The rates of H2 absorption by Pd foil in t…
In order to determine trace amounts of sulfur in a high-purity iron with the infrared absorption method after combustion, it is necessary to decrease and stabilize sulfur blank on an analytical procedure. Sulfur blank means sulfur species as contaminants which are contained in a reagent, in a ceramic ware and absorbed…
Composite coatings containing beryllium are prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at a substrate temperature as low as 250°C in a radio-frequency-induced cylindrical plasma reactor. Diethylberyllium is used as the precursor together with hydrogen as a coreactant gas. These coatings are characterized by…
Block copolymers are well-known for their large number of microphase morphologies on mesoscopic length scales. After a short review of the different morphologies observed in binary block copolymers and ternary triblock copolymers, the self-assembling in blends of different block copolymers into common superlattices is…
A heavy-duty system of high performance, RIETAN-2000, has recently been developed for Rietveld refinement, Le Bail refinement, whole-pattern fitting based on a maximum-entropy method (MEM), and individual profile fitting. An original feature called partial profile relaxation is applicable to (nearly) isolated reflecti…
Vector Preisach models of hysteresis are employed to describe vectorial hysteretic behavior of type II superconductors. The results of experimental testing of accuracy of the vector Preisach models are reported for the case of high-Tc YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ superconducting samples.
Nuclear weapons effects simulators are large pulsed power installations for generating intense X-ray fluxes, which are used in testing the susceptibility and hardening of military systems in the radiation environment. These simulators are expensive because of the requirement for very high power pulsed output to drive…
A new diamine monomer was synthesized by the Michael addition of 4,4′-methylene dianiline with 1,4-benzoquinone. The monomer was condensed with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride to give a polyamic acid that was soluble in NMP. The polyamic acid was cast onto iron and thermally imidized to yield the am…
Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) synthesized by oxidative polymerization was fractionated by molecular weight by using organic solvents. The fraction of higher average molecular weight gave higher regioregularity and conductivity. Composites of the P3HT fraction having the highest molecular weight were prepared by use o…
The kinetics of hydrogen-induced disproportionation of Zr2Co was studied by the conventional constant volume method in a temperature range of 773 to 873 K. It was found that Zr2Co disproportionated as 2Zr2Co+3H2 → 3ZrH2+ZrCo2 through a two-step mechanism as 1) Zr2Co+H2 → ZrH2+ZrCo and 2) 2ZrCo+H2 → ZrH2+ZrCo2. The fir…
A new version of an energy-loss spectrometer with low-energy electron diffraction (ELS–LEED, Henzler type EELS) has been constructed. Different from the prototype spectrometer, which is equipped with a single-pass 127° cylindrical deflector analyser, the present spectrometer consists of an Ibach-type double-pass monoc…
Cavitation bubbles are formed from small air bubbles, so-called nuclei, with the surrounding pressure reduction caused by the flow, and then, the bubbles shrink and collapse with the surrounding pressure rise. Such volumetric changes of bubbles are calculated in detail and it is found that they are significantly influ…
In order to develop a new type of lactic acid copolymer having pendant reactive groups as a biodegradable biomaterial, the synthesis of an AB-type diblock copolymer of L-lactide (L-LA) and depsipeptide with pendant thiol groups was investigated. Cyclodepsipeptide consisting of glycolic acid (Glc) and β-methoxybenzyl L…
Series of perovskite oxides with the composition LaMn1 − xMxO3 + δ (M = Cr, Co; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been synthesized by thermal treatment of precursors obtained by freeze-drying of acetic acid solutions. The oxides have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the Mn4+ content and, thus, the oxygen excess, δ, has been…
A review of various models for predicting the water permeability of fibrous structures is reported. Using the Hagen–Poiseuille formula, a modified form of the Kozeny–Carman equation was derived. An apparatus was constructed that enabled cross-plane and in-plane water permeabilities of various needle-punched nonwoven f…
Polarized Raman spectra of single crystals of barium copper formate [Ba2Cu(HCOO)6] at room temperature were recorded and analysed. The spectra were obtained for geometries allowing the observation of A(TO) and BTO + LO) species. The assignment of the fundamental modes was performed on the basis of formate group vibrat…
The MNDO/PM3 semiempirical method was used for predicting nonplanar distortion modes in highly substituted porphyrins. Octaethyl-tetraphenylporphyrin (MOETPP) and dodecaphenylporphyrin (MDPP) (M = H2, Mg and Zn) were obtained as minimum energy structures and exist in saddle-shape conformations. Optimized meso-substitu…