Materials Literature
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XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectrum of an area of a few tens of square micrometers of MgO is measured with an EPMA (electron probe X-ray microanalyzer) using a novel method -EXEFS (extended X-ray emission fine structure) method -proposed by the present authors. The EXEFS method has the following six…
This paper presents the design, construction, and test results of an electromagnetic stress sensor. The sensor uses the reverse magnetostrictive effect found in high elastic limit steels such as those used in cables and in prestressed concrete. This effect is characterized by the variation in the steel's magnetic perm…
A theoretical model is developed according to which crystals formed in a glass-forming melt can exhibit a previously unreported growth behavior. After growing very fast in one or two directions, the growth stops due to changes in concentration and turns into dissolution. Along the other direction(s) the growth rate is…
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of electromechanical devices. The dynamic characteristics are described by Maxwell's equations, by the constitutive equations, and by the equations of motion. For the solution of the electromagnetic problem a comparison between the BEM-FEM coupling method and a pure FEM app…
The application of an evolution strategy for the optimal design of high voltage bushing electrodes in transformers is investigated. The convergence of calculation and the evolution principles are specially developed and some measures to accelerate the speed of the strategy are pointed out. The electrode of the bushing…
Improved procedures for large scale preparation of oxy-substituted isoquinoiines are reported. Moreover, a simple and convenient protocol for alkaline work-up of titanium containing reaction mixtures is given, which is expected to be of general interest even for reactions on a technical scale.
The photoinhibition of passivity breakdown (PIPB) on iron in buffered chloride‐containing solution ( [ Cl − ] = 0.01 M ) has been explored using monochromatic light (λ = 325 nm, hv = 3.815 eV) over a wide range of power densities ( 0 – 1680 mW / cm 2 ) . Our studies have confirmed the observation of Schmuki and Böhni…
Effective escape depth of photoelectrons for hydrocarbon films in total electron yield measurement at the C K-edge(hexatriacontane, n-C36H74) /polyimide (biphenyl-3,3',4,4'tetracarboxylic dianhyddde type) / Si multilayer.A saturated hydrocarbon compound was chosen because it is one of the most fundamental organic mate…
A variety of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in thin films has been found and investigated. This modification, called multiple self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, occurs in the solid phase and is a reversible phase transition. Multiple self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is similar in many…
The dependence of ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived BaTiO3 thin (0.35 μm) films on various Si substrates was investigated. It was found that only films deposited on p+ Si (1020 cm−3 B, 2% Ge) are (110) oriented and possess a few percent of the spontaneous polarization of single-crystal BaTiO3. The direction…
We have measured the XAFS spectra oftht-based composite oxide (TCO) glass with nominal composition of Snl.oBo.36Po.4oA10.4203.47 during the discharge and charge cycles in an in a non-aqueous cell. Our results confirm the amorphous nature of TCO material and show that Sn in TCO is coordinated with 3 oxygen atoms at a d…
Gray cast irons are frequently characterized in the literature as easily machined materials. However the machinability of gray irons is influenced by a complex interplay of graphite morphology and matrix structure that is not well understood. As a result, the causes of variability in the machinability of gray irons re…
We investigate a nonlinear dynamical system which "remembers" preselected values of a system parameter. The deterministic version of the system can encode many parameter values during a transient period, but in the limit of long times, almost all of them are forgotten. Here we show that a certain type of stochastic no…
This article completes the presentation of a model of photoelectric phenomena taking place in metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures at low electric fields, which was introduced in Ref. [H. M. Przewlocki, J. Appl. Phys. 78, 2550 (1995)]. A solution and analysis of model’s equations is given for the general cas…
Disordered materials (glasses and amorphous substances, melts, polymers, biological media, etc.) are an important class of objects. Despite the chaos usually associated with their structure, glasses and amorphous substances of various kinds (semiconducting, dielectric, metallic) possess a universal spatial scale lengt…
Abstract Vulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber, as accelerated by a series of sulfenamides and sulfenimides prepared from various aromatic heterocyclic thiols and various aliphatic amines, was studied using the curemeter under isothermal conditions. Further studies using MOPAC AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanical…
Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) are employed to study the dynamics of Poly(VinyliDene Fluoride-TriFluoroEthylene) copolymers. Dielectric spectra reveal the existence of three relaxation processes: the β relaxation or the glass transition relaxation, the secondary γ relaxation presen…
In this report are presented the results of XAS investigations on zinc intercalated V20 s. EXAFS spectra recorded at the Zn k-edge showed differences in the first shell of intercalated Zn 2 as the concentration increased. The interaction of zinc ions with the surrounding V20 s aerogel structure is discussed as well.
In the present paper the effect of crystallization conditions on the melting temperature (Tm ) of chemically cross-linked gelatin is studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness (H) measurements as extension of our recent findings (Ref. [11]). A rather unusual situation when polymer cr…
In this paper we map the experimental trajectories of two deformable drops in planar extensional flow and compare the experimental results with theoretical calculations for spherical drops. We examine the effects that deformation, initial position, and viscosity ratio have on the interaction of two drops and the neces…