Materials Literature
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We present an experimental system suitable for producing spherical crystals and for observing the distribution of lattice defects (disclinations and dislocations) on a significant fraction (50%) of the sphere. The introduction of fluorescently labeled particles enables us to determine the location and orientation of g…
We consider a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling placed in a perpendicular magnetic field and calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric-field-induced spin polarization. We find that in strong magnetic fields the polarization becomes an oscillatory function of the magnetic fiel…
A Phenomenological Mesoscopic Field Dislocation Mechanics (PMFDM) model is developed, extending continuum plasticity theory for studying initial-boundary value problems of small-scale plasticity. PMFDM results from an elementary space-time averaging of the equations of Field Dislocation Mechanics (FDM), followed by a…
Even if Moore's Law continues to hold, it will take about 250 years to fill the performance gap between present-day computer and the ultimate computer determined from the laws of physics alone. Information processing technology in the post-CMOS era will likely consist of a heterogeneous set of novel device technologie…
We present the formulation for finding the distribution of eigenstrains, i.e. the sources of residual stress, from a set of measurements of residual elastic strain (e.g. by diffraction), or residual stress, or stress redistribution, or distortion. The variational formulation employed seeks to achieve the best agreemen…
Abstract A thermodynamic analysis of grain boundary adsorption is presented. From the thermodynamic model developed it follows that in binary polycrystals with identical grain boundaries at some conditions three phases can coexist in equilibrium below the solidus temperature. The model predicts that two solid solution…
Abstract The thermodynamic conditions for spontaneous grain boundary wetting and stress driven liquid metal embrittlement are related to each other and the kinetic mechanism responsible for fast GB penetration under small stress is described. The dissolution – condensation mechanism of liquid metal embrittlement and l…
The effect of illumination on the dielectric properties of lead molybdate (PbMoO 4 ) single crystals was studied. Illumination with intrinsic light gives rise to a substantial enhancement of low-frequency permittivity (the photodielectric effect, PDE). The PDE is dependent on temperature and reaches a maximum near 400…
Freestanding nanocrystalline films of silicon carbide (see Figure) can be synthesized employing a simple route—spray pyrolysis of ball-milled silicon. The silicon–hexane slurry was spray pyrolized in a silica tube at a constant temperature of 1000–1100 °C. XRD and SEM studies show the as synthesized films to be nanocr…
A compact model for description of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop behavior based on the dipole switching theory was derived. A cell of ferroelectric crystal is just as an equivalent dipole, so the hysteresis loop characteristic of ferroelecticity is the polarization characteristic of dipole in the electric field. T…
Japanese activities on fusion structural materials RD reduced activation martensitic/ferritic steels (RAFs) as reference material and vanadium alloys and SiC/SiC composite materials as advanced materials. The R&D histories of these candidate materials and the present status in Japan are reviewed with the emphasis on m…
The structural and the magnetic properties of polycrystalline La/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/CoO/sub 3/ (LSCO) have been studied experimentally. The single LSCO phase in all the prepared samples were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. From the temperature dependence of inverse m…
Nanometer size ferroelectric domains, having a width as small as one unit cell, are observed in ultra-thin BaTiO 3 films (2–10 nm thick) using high resolution TEM. Only 180° domains and 90° domain boundaries are formed in nano-multi-domains structures. Most of the domains are oriented in-parallel to the film plane. Th…
The development of Advanced SCLAIRTECH TM2 dual reactor technology and a proprietary single-site catalyst by NOVA Chemicals Corporation provides unique opportunities for resin design. This results in single-site linear low-density polyethylene (sLLDPE) products with a unique set of properties. For blends of these sLLD…
Protective coating has been used widely for metal corrosion control. Polyaniline (PANi) films can be electrosynthesized by oxidation of aniline on a metal surface from an aqueous acid medium. In this study, an iron surface was coated by polyaniline thin film. While iron easily oxidizes in acid solutions, the electropo…
Carbon (C) and carbon nitride (CNx) films were grown on Si(100) substrates by direct ion-beam sputtering (IBS) of a carbon target at different substrate temperatures (room temperature-450 °C) and Ar∕N2 sputtering gas mixtures. Additionally, the effect of concurrent nitrogen-ion assistance during the growth of CNx film…
Theoretical studies were conducted for thickness measurements using transparent substrates on the external and internal reflection configurations. For three-phase systems consisting of ambient, film, and substrate, the refractive index of the substrate could be optimized to obtain the high sensitivity of an ellipsomet…
Diesel soot powder generated under idle and load engine conditions was pressed into pellets at pressures ranging up to approximately 8.5 GPa. Soot powder was also immersed in acetone in order to obtain soot aggregates without agglomeration. Small-angle x-ray scattering was carried out on the powder, the pellets, and o…
New mesogens are always a source of interest, especially when they possess a non‐conventional architecture. In this article are presented the synthesis and polymorphism of a series of compounds possessing a 1,4‐diaryl‐1‐buten‐3‐yne moiety as the rigid core with an alkoxy chain on each side. Such a core is termed an en…
Magnetic annealing at 800 °C for 3, 15 and 30 minutes was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 17T magnetic field on the microstructure formation of cold rolled Fe-0.75 %Si samples. According to texture measurements magnetic field did not seem to significantly affect the development of grains with Goss orientation, h…