Materials Literature
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Polycrystalline diamond films, heavily implanted with boron ions (2×1016 cm−2, 60 keV) are found to exhibit, following annealing and graphite removal, electrical properties similar to those obtained for chemical vapor deposited diamond, heavily doped with B during film growth. Control experiments in which carbon ions…
We demonstrate the growth of c-axis oriented La-Sr-Co-O/Pb-La-Zr-Ti-O/La-Sr-Co-O ferroelectric capacitor heterostructures on a highly [001] oriented Pt film which was grown on a thermally oxidized Si (SiO2/Si) substrate. The [001] growth orientation in the Pt film is induced by depositing it on a thin c-axis oriented…
Abstract Long‐chain fatty acid cellulose esters (FACE) were synthesized by the acid chloride‐pyridine reaction with different degrees of substitution (DS). The hydrolyzed soybean oil was used as unsaturated fatty acids, its unsaturation degree, and composition were analyzed by 1 H and 13 C NMR methods. The chemical st…
Abstract A bubble of air, trapped at the centre of a spherical container of water on the surface of which spherical sound waves are maintained by transducers, may emit light, a phenomenon known as sonoluminescence. The surface of the bubble expands and contracts in obedience to the Rayleigh–Lamb equation, which requir…
Relaxation dynamics was investigated in the hydrogen-bonded glass former glycerol using incoherent neutron scattering and depolarized light scattering. The neutron data have a q-independent form in the intermediate \ensuremath{\beta}-relaxation regime implying factoratization of the q and \ensuremath{\omega} dependenc…
A novel organic nonlinear optical crystal, l-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid (l-PCA), has been found to be phase matchable for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency mixing down to the UV range at room temperature. Tunable radiation down to 266 nm was obtained. The nonlinear coefficient d14 of l-PCA for the…
Computer simulations with polarizable anions are shown to reproduce the distinctive prepeak observed in diffraction studies of molton ${\mathrm{ZnCl}}_{2}$ and its mixtures with alkali chlorides. Two distinct origins for the peak in the microscopic structure of the melts are identified. The influence of alkali cation…
We have measured the effective magnetoelastic coupling coefficients, Beff, of polycrystalline NiFe/Ag/Si, NiFe/Cu/Si, and Ni/SiO2/Si films in situ as functions of magnetic layer thickness over the range from 1.5 to 50 nm using magneto-optic Kerr effect and applied static strain. The Beff’s agree well with bulk values…
Abstract This work deals with the chemical composition, physical structure, and thermal behavior of Antheraea assama silk fibers. The amino acid composition is characterized by the high content of alanine, glycine, and serine. Among the amino acid residues with polar side chains, aspartic acid, arginine, and tyrosine…
Abstract The problem of those discernible features of the intermediate range order (IRO) which can be attributed to the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) observed in the structure factor of many liquid and glassy materials is approached by treating this peak as a distinct feature. It is found, by considering the mea…
Infrared and Raman spectra of silica powders differ for fumed and precipitated samples. Site models of the surfaces of fumed silica are proposed. These models involve surfaces resembling faces {111} of β-cristobalite, edges and steps. The site SiOH···O b (H)SiO a H, located at steps between planes {111}, is related to…
Homogeneous formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and a commercial diamine that contain liquid rubber, based on an epoxidized vegetable oil and diamine, form two-phase interpenetrating epoxy thermosets. At lower rubber content, the formulations consist of a rigid DGEBA matrix and randomly…
The morphology of multiphase polymeric systems, polymer alloys, blends, and interpenetrating polymer networks depends on kinetics of polymerization and cross-linking (in reactive systems), composition, degree of polymerization and branching, miscibility (defined in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics), dynamics of pha…
Biopolymers (e.g., starch, protein, and cellulose) from various agricultural sources have been investigated for manufacturing biodegradable plastics. Cross-linking of starch and zein mixtures and of soy proteins have shown that the tensile strength and water resistance of the plastics can be increased. Plastics made f…
Formulation of a new approach to the structure of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is the objective of this review of the authors experimental works. As a whole, IPNs are not thermodynamically equilibrium systems because, in the course of chemical reactions leading to gelation, simultaneous phase separation pr…
The synthesis of nanometer-sized silica particles by the base-catalyzed, controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a nonionic reverse micellar system is described. Spectrofluorometric techniques were used to characterize the reverse micellar solutions. Particle characterization was conducted by transmission…
Polyurethane-poly(vinyl chloride) pseudo-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network) elastomers, polyurethane-poly(vinyl ester) IPN foams, and polyurethane-epoxy-unsaturated polyester two- and three-component IPN foams and elastomers were studied by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy sound absorption (impedance tube technique…
Agricultural feedstocks should be used for the production of materials, especially plastics, and chemicals because of the abundant availability of agricultural feedstocks, the value it would add to the U.S. economy, and the reduction in U.S. trade deficit that could be achieved. However, the use of agricultural feedst…
The control of silica sol coagulation by pH and by addition of simple electrolytes is said to be "anomalous" in that it is not simply predicted by conventional Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeck (DLVO) theory. This chapter describes a model based on the control of coagulation by surface steric barriers of polysilicate a…
Silicon dioxide is the main component of the crust of the earth. Combined with the oxides of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and iron, it forms the silicate minerals in our rocks and soil. Over millions of years silicon dioxide, or silica, has been separated from the original silicate rocks by the action of water to app…