Self‐assembly: From nanoscale to microscale colloids
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Materials Literature
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Overview of the Fundamental Reactions and Degradation Mechanisms of NOx Storage/Reduction Catalysts
Over the last several years, nitrogen oxide(s) (NOx) storage/reduction (NSR) catalysts, also referred to as NOx adsorbers or lean NOx traps, have been developed as an aftertreatment technology to reduce NOx emissions from lean‐burn power sources. NSR operation is cyclic: during the lean part of the cycle, NOx are trap…
Laminar drag reduction in microchannels using ultrahydrophobic surfaces
A series of experiments is presented which demonstrate significant drag reduction for the laminar flow of water through microchannels using hydrophobic surfaces with well-defined micron-sized surface roughness. These ultrahydrophobic surfaces are fabricated from silicon wafers using photolithography and are designed t…
Magnetic and martensitic transformations of NiMnX(X=In,Sn,Sb) ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
Martensitic and magnetic transformations of the Heusler Ni50Mn50−yXy (X=In, Sn and Sb) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurement and the vibrating sample magnetometry technique. In all these alloy systems, the austenite phase with the ferromagnetic state was transformed into the martens…
Analysis of a Simple Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System with Gas Dynamic in Afterburner and Connecting Pipes
Abstract A simple solid oxide fuel cell plant is analysed based on the first law of thermodynamics approach. This system consists of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, a steam reformer, a mixer, a vaporiser, an afterburner, and two pre‐heaters. To simplify the study, the enthalpy at each node of the system is normalized w…
Magnetoresistance of sol–gel derived manganite nanoparticles
Abstract We report the thermal variation of magnetoresistance of sol–gel derived nanocrystalline manganite samples (viz. La 0.5 Pb 0.5 MnO 3– δ , La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3– δ and La 0.7 Pb 0.3 MnO 3– δ ) showing little lower metal‐insulator transition temperature ( T p ) compared to those prepared by ceramic heating route.…
A General Chemical Conversion Method to Various Semiconductor Hollow Structures
A general chemical method has been developed to prepare semiconductor hollow microspheres with various electronic bandgaps (see SEM image), as well as a number of core/shell structures. These hollow structures have potential applications in the fields of optoelectronic technology, photovoltaic devices, photonic bandga…
Characterization of Chiral Mesoporous Materials by Transmission Electron Microscopy
By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the chirality of novel mesoporous materials has been studied. In addition, a computer simulation that uses a simple structural model was employed. The existence of chiral channels inside a tubelike material was confirmed by the observation of fringes along the length of…
Nanoscale Lasers Based on Carbon Peapods
A scheme of nanoscale lasers based on the so-called carbon peapods is examined in details. Since there is considerable cylindrical empty space in the middle of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), it can serve as a laser resonant cavity that consists of two highly reflecting, alignment “mirrors” separated by some di…
Reversible 300 K Ferromagnetic Ordering in a Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor
Reversible 300 K ferromagnetic ordering in a diluted magnetic semiconductor, Co2+:ZnO, is achieved by lattice incorporation and removal of the native n-type defect, interstitial Zn, resulting in “off” and “on” states (Figure, red triangles and blue circles). Spectroscopic and magnetic data implicate a double-exchange…
Spin reorientation transition in layered perovskite CaNdFeO4
The spin-reorientation transition of layered perovskite oxide CaNdFeO4has been investigated through powder x-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and 57Fe M?ssbauer spectrum measurements. This oxide presents orthorhombic symmetry (space group:?Bmab)?with lattice parameters at room temper…
Exciton related resonant Raman scattering from CdSe quantum dots in an amorphous GeS2thin film matrix
CdSe quantum dots have been produced in an amorphous GeS 2 thin film matrix by alternating thermal evaporation in vacuum and deposition of several CdSe and GeS 2 layers, with the thickness of the latter being, typically, 20 times larger than that of the former. Raman scattering spectra of these films have been measure…
Solid−Liquid Equilibria for Benzoic Acid + p-Toluic Acid + Chloroform, Benzoic Acid + p-Toluic Acid + Acetic Acid, and Terephthalic Acid + Isophthalic Acid + N,N-Dimethylformamide
Using a laser monitoring observation technique, solid−liquid equilibria in the systems benzoic acid + p -toluic acid + chloroform at 303.15 K, benzoic acid + p -toluic acid + acetic acid at 343.15 K, and terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid + N,N -dimethylformamide at 343.15 K have been investigated. The solid−liquid…
Probing the Effects of Interfacial Chemistry on the Kinetics of Phase Transitions in Amorphous and Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystals
In this work, we examine the phase stability of both uncoated and alumina-coated zirconia nanoparticles using in-situ X-ray diffraction. By tracking structural changes in these particles, we seek to understand how changing interfacial bonding affects the kinetics of amorphous zirconia crystallization and the kinetics…
Nanoscale structural correlations in magnetoresistive manganites
The colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect in perovskite manganites is a magnetic-field-induced transition from a paramagnetic insulating (PI) to a ferromagnetic metallic state. The large electrical resistivity of the PI state lies at the heart of the CMR effect. This enhanced resistivity stems, in part, from strong…
First-principles study of B2CN crystals deduced from the diamond structure
An assumed B 2 CN crystal system containing seven possible diamond-structured configurations in boron-carbonitride B–C–N compounds has been studied by using an ab initio pseudopotential density functional method. After structural relaxation, the lattice constant, bulk modulus and shear modulus, and electronic band str…
Nickel Formate Route to the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes
Nickel formate serves as an ideal catalyst precursor for surface-bound thermal and plasma-enhanced CVD growth of carbon nanotubes. As the method of deposition of the Ni catalyst is solution-based, it benefits from a low-cost, large-area growth, ease of operation and suitability for coating substrates with complex shap…
Structure of the Amodiaquine−FPIX μ Oxo Dimer Solution Complex at Atomic Resolution
Using NMR inversion recovery experiments and XPLOR distance restraint calculations, we recently deduced the structure of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FPIX) heme mu oxo dimer-antimalarial drug complexes for chloroquine (CQ), quinine (QN), and quinidine (QD) at atomic resolution [A. Leed et al., Biochemistry 2002, 41, 10245-…
The effect of Al substitution on charge ordered Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3: structure, magnetism and transport
We report on the effect of Mn site substitution of Al on the structural, magnetic and transport properties of charge ordered Pr 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 . This substitution introduces non-magnetic impurities in the Mn–O–Mn network, causes the Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio to deviate away from unity and is seen to predominantly replace M…
Li+ion motion in quartz and β-eucryptite studied by dielectric spectroscopy and atomistic simulations
Li+ motion in quartz and β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and classical simulations. Simulations are performed using a combination of traditional energy-minimization (using the GULP code) and a mechanical approach derived from Rigid Unit modelling, implemented in the GASP code. Compar…