Materials Literature
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ZnO thin films were grown on silicon (100) by pulsed laser deposition. Highly textured crystalline ZnO thin films can be grown at 600 °C. The films were then annealed at 600 °C in oxygen. The effects of annealing on chemical composition of the ZnO films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and R…
Thin films of inert, refractory materials are used in semiconductor interconnect applications as diffusion barriers, seed, and adhesion layers. A typical example is the use of a thin, conformal Ta or Ti/TiN films on the walls of a dielectric trench or via which reduces or eliminates out-diffusion of the primary conduc…
Very large magnetic entropy change ?SM, which originates from a fully reversible second-order transition at Curie temperature TC, has been discovered in compounds La(Fe, Si)13, La(Fe, Al)13 and those with Co doping. The maximum change ?SM ? 19 J?kg-1?K-1, achieved in LaFe11.4Si1.6 at 209K upon a 5T magnetic field chan…
We present a method for modeling disordered solid solutions, based on the virtual crystal approximation (VCA). The VCA is a tractable way of studying configurationally disordered systems; traditionally, the potentials which represent atoms of two or more elements are averaged into a composite atomic potential. We have…
High real-space-resolution atomic pair distribution functions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(x=0.12,$ 0.25, and 0.33) have been measured using high-energy x-ray powder diffraction to study the size and shape of the ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{6}$ octahedron as a function of temperature…
The thermally activated flips of the local spontaneous polarization in relaxors were simulated to investigate the effects of the applied ac field amplitude on the dielectric susceptibility. It was observed that the susceptibility increases with increasing the amplitude at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the su…
The interactions between spherical colloids covered with end-grafted polymers (brushes) immersed in a polymer melt are studied theoretically. We show that attractive enthalpic interactions between the two polymer species, characterized by a negative Flory parameter (chi<0), can stabilize the colloidal dispersion. The…
By pulsed-laser deposition epitaxial thin films of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ have been prepared on (100) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates. Already for a deposition temperature of 320 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C epitaxial growth is achieved. Depending on deposition parameters the films show meta…
We have investigated electronic and magnetic properties of the pyrite-type ${\mathrm{CoS}}_{2}$ using the linearized muffin-tin orbital band method. We have obtained the ferromagnetic ground state with nearly half-metallic nature. The half-metallic stability is studied by using the fixed spin moment method. The non-ne…
Epitaxial cobalt ferrite thin films provide a model system for understanding the magnetic properties of spinel structure ferrite thin films. We demonstrate that the anomalous magnetic behavior, observed in our antiphase-boundary-free films, can be explained in terms of cation distribution and lattice distortions. The…
Abstract One of the most important phenomenon in material science is the reinforcement of rubber by rigid entities, such as dispersed particulate filler or phase-separated organic domains. In order to impart significant reinforcement, the size of the hard phase must be small, much less than a micron. The basis of this…
The search for inorganic ion exchangers that would be stable to ionizing radiation and elevated temperatures began with the advent of nuclear technology in the 1940's. Research has continued unabated since then producing many dozens of such compounds both synthetic and natural. Several of the important groups of these…
Carbon nanotubes, a kind of high order fullerenes, offers remarkable electronic as well as mechanical properties, e.g., an extremely high Young’s modulus of TPa order has been reported. This suggests the suitability of carbon nanotubes as novel fiber materials for metal matrix composites. The authors demonstrate that…
On the basis of theoretical calculations, Andersson & Hovmöller have recently suggested that the long-established value of 1.35 g cm(-3) for the mean density of proteins should be revised to 1.22 g cm(-3) [Andersson & Hovmöller (2000), Acta Cryst. D56, 789-790]. To substantiate their assertion, these authors used the…
Two cyclometallated Ru(bpy)2(pp) units (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; pp = 2-phenylpyridine) were grafted via ethynyl spacers onto the photochromic cores of the norbornadiene or dithienylethene families, to give the bimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes 1 and 2a, respectively. Two aspects of these compounds were studied: (i) ph…
A new X-ray crystallographic beamline is operational at the MAX II synchrotron in Lund. The beamline has been in regular use since August 1998 and is used both for macro- and small molecule diffraction as well as powder diffraction experiments. The radiation source is a 1.8 T multipole wiggler. The beam is focused ver…
We present a detailed characterization of energy transfer processes in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$-doped and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}{,\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$-codoped ZBLAN bulk glasses. For several ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ (0.25--8.75 mol%) and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ (0.25--1.55 mol%) concentrations, we investigate energy transfer…
This paper explores equivalent formulations of the polarization ordering first proposed by Foster and Wolfson. Motivated by the class of polarization indices proposed by Foster and Wolfson, we have developed a class of generalized Foster‐Wolfson indices. In addition, a new class of polarization indices satisfying a se…
We made direct force measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at surfaces of polymer brushes comprised of low-polydispersity poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains densely end-grafted on a silicon substrate by living radical polymerization. These brushes are characterized by an exceptionally high, nearly constan…
New materials for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications are still of great interest. The monoclinic BiB3O6 (BIBO) shows exceptionally large NLO coefficients. In this article we will present the linear optical properties in the wavelength range between 350 and 2400 nm, the phase matching conditions calculated for second…