One kilowatt per capita
"One kilowatt per capita." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 46(1), pp. 13–14
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On the Raman spectroscopic determination of phase distribution in polyethylene
A methodological improvement is proposed for increasing the accuracy of the standard Raman spectroscopic method for the determination of the phase distribution in semicrystalline polyethylene (PE). A computer-assisted least-squares decomposition of the overlapping Raman bands, using analytical band shapes, is applied…
Surface modification of polyolefins for hydrophilicity and bondability: Ozonization and grafting hydrophilic monomers on ozonized polyolefins
Abstract Ozonization is a very efficient, economical, and potentially practical method to modify polypropylene (PP) as well as polyethylene (PE) surfaces. Carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroperoxide groups can be very conveniently generated by reacting these polymers with ozone. In the case of fibers and powders, surface tr…
Orientation Dependence of Twinning in Commercially Pure Titanium
Orientation dependence of twinning in commercially pure titanium was determined in both single crystals deformed in tension or compression and polycrystals deformed in tension. {\bar1012} and {11\bar22} twins in single crystals, and {\bar1012}, {11\bar21} and {11\bar22} twins in polycrystals occurred depending on the…
An intramolecularly Lewis-base-stabilized Ge=N-compound and a related Ge-Fe complex
3a: 2a (0.24 g, 1 mmol) was added to a solution of la (0.41 g, 1 mmol) and NaPF, (0.18 g, 1 mmol) in 20 mL of dry methanol. The solution turned violet after a few minutes and then progressively dark red. The mixture was stirred for 20 hat room temperature. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the red solid was dissolv…
The crystal structures of CdAl2S4, HgAl2S4, and HgGa2S4
The crystal structures of CdAl 2 S 4 , HgAl 2 S 4 , and HgGa 2 S 4 were solved and refined to R = 0.032, 0.042, and 0.046, respectively. CdAl 2 S 4 and HgGa 2 S 4 crystallize with the thiogallate type structure, space group I [unk]. The positional parameters of S are x = 0.2660(1), y = 0.2770(1), z = 0.1352(1) for CdA…
Direct synthesis of intercalation compounds between a layered double hydroxide and an anionic dye
Intercalation compounds between a layered double hydroxide and an anionic dye were directly synthesized by hydrolysis of mixed solutions of aluminium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and the anionic dyes (indigo carmine or new coccine). The intercalated indigo carmine anions are possibly arranged with their molecular plane…
Microencapsulation using poly(l-lactic Acid) iv: Release properties of microcapsules containing phenobarbitone
Microcapsules containing phenobarbitone were prepared from poly(L-lactic acid), using a water/oil emulsification and evaporation process. Polymers of three different molecular weights were used. Particle size was found to increase with an increase in core loading and polymer molecular weight. Release studies were carr…
Iron‐Rich High‐Charge Beidellite in Vertisols and Mollisols of the High Chaouia Region of Morocco
Abstract The mineralogy of Vertisols and Mollisols, associated in a hydrotoposequence in the western part of the phosphate plateau of Morocco (High Chaouia), was studied using x‐ray diffraction, interlayer swelling with alkylammonium cations, chemical analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of Li‐ a…
Molecular structure and smectic properties: the substituent effect on the smectic A phase in biphenyl ester systems
The substituent effect on the thermal properties of smectic A phase for two related compounds; 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4-yl 4-Y-benzoates and 4-Y-phenyl 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4′-carboxylate with Y = N(CH3)2, OH, OCH3, CH3, C6H5, SCH3, H, CHO, halogens, COCH3, SO2CH3, CO2CH3, CN and NO2, has been examined. The smectic A–nemati…
Measurement of Skidding Resistance and Surface Texture and the Use of Results in the United Kingdom
Road accidents are a significant source of community costs associated with transport operations. More than a quarter of all wet-road accidents in the United Kingdom are related to skidding conditions, conditions which could be avoided if road surface conditions were monitored routinely and remedial treatment undertake…
Hydrothermal processings to produce magnetic particulates
alpha -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and alpha -FeOOH powders were used as starting materials to prepare barium hexaferrite hydrothermally. Since strontium hexaferrite and lanthanum-doped calcium hexaferrite have coercivities similar to that of barium ferrite, the hydrothermal synthesis of strontium hex…
Transition mechanism from elastic deformation to plastic flow in poly(methyl methacrylate)
Abstract Sudden changes of compressive strain‐rate on glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) lead to the conclusion that the post‐yield state under a constant stress is a state of steady flow in the polymer. Non‐linearity between the stress divided by temperature and the logarithm of strain rate for this steady plastic flow…
The first structurally characterized alkali metal porphyrin: 7Li NMR behaviour and X-ray crystal structure of the dilithium salt of octaethylporphyrin(2?)
Reaction of H2oep (oep = dianion of octaethylporphyrin) with two equivalents of LiN(SiMe3)2 in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yields the dilithium salt [Li(thf)4][Li(oep)], characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography; in solution, 7Li NMR and conductivity measurements show a more complex, solvent-dependent struct…
Synthesis, structures, and electrochemistry of palladium and platinum macrocyclic complexes of [18]aneN 2 S 4 (1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclo-octadecane) and Me 2 [18]aneN 2 S 4 (7,16-dimethyl-1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclo-octadecane). Single crystal X-ray structures of [Pd(Me 2 [18]aneN 2 S 4 )][PF 6 ] 2 ·Me 2 CO, [Pd([18]aneN 2 S 4 )][BPh 4 ] 2 , and [Pd 2 Cl 2 ([18]aneN 2 S 4 )][PF 6 ] 2 ·2MeCN
Reaction of PdCl2 with the N2S4 donor macrocycles [18]aneN2S4(1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclo-octadecane) and Me2[18]aneN2S4(7,16-dimethyl-1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclo-octadecane) affords the 1 : 1 complex cations [Pd([18]aneN2S4)]2+ and [Pd(Me2[18]aneN2S4)]2+ respectively in high yield. The yellow complex…
Effect of corona discharge treatment on cellulose prepared from beech wood
Abstract Cellulose prepared from beech wood ( Fagus crenata Blume) was treated in a corona discharge. The chemical changes produced by the treatment were investigated by use of infrared spectrum, Schiff's reaction, adsorption of methylene blue and Orange II, and intrinsic viscosity. Infrared absorption bands at 1382 a…
Studies of the UV/Ozone oxidation of GaAs using angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Abstract Angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) has been used to study the composition of oxides grown on 〈110〉 and 〈100〉 GaAs during exposure to UV/ozone. The effects of substrate treatments on oxide growth were compared on 〈100〉 surfaces exposed to an HF treatment and thermal desorption of the oxide…
Solvent regeneration of spent activated carbon in wastewater treatment.
Ethanol regeneration was applied to spent activated carbon which had adsorbed an organic compound in aqueous solutions, including an industrial wastewater. High regeneration efficiency was achieved except for aromatic compounds substituted by electron-donating groups. In the case where ethanol regeneration was not eff…
Characterization of pulp refiners by a C-factor
Keywords Disk refiners, Conical refiners, Cellulose fibers, Refining, Process variables, Energy, Fineness, Fiber length, Grooves, Bars, Impact, Equations
Surface modified polysulfone hollow fibers. III. Fibers having a hydroxide group
Abstract Polysulfone ultrafiltration hollow fibers were chemically modified on the surfaces with propylene oxide and Friedel‐Crafts catalysts. A peak at 1.6 ppm was observed in H 1 ‐NMR spectrum of the modified fibers at 45°C, while the peak was not observed at 27°C measurements. The peak was attributed to a hydroxide…