Materials Literature
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An anomalously strong volume magnetostriction in Invars may lead to a situation when at low temperatures the dislocation free energy becomes negative and a multiple generation of dislocations becomes possible. This generation induces a first order phase transition from the FCC crystalline to an amorphous state, and ma…
The pair- and three-proton interaction potentials for metal-phase hydrogen are calculated. Irreducible three-proton interactions are shown to be essential in the development of the metal hydrogen structure. Possible manifestations of the three-ion interactions in the structure of quickly quenched metallic systems are…
The adsorption capacities of carbon dioxide on six commercial hydrotalcite-like compounds and the main factors (aluminum content, anion type, water content, and heat treatment temperature) influencing their adsorption capacity at high temperatures have been investigated using a gravimetric technique. There is an optim…
Partial discharge (PD) measurements taken on-site are frequently affected by noise due to external disturbances. This paper describes a noise reduction method that may be used to isolate the PDs from the noise. The basic principles of wavelet de-noising analysis are presented. The PDs are then processed to allow accur…
Among the three main synthetic fibers (acrylics, polyamide, and polyester), the growth of acrylic fibers has been slow. By the end of the year 2000, the annual worldwide production of acrylics is e...
Vibrational modes in suspensions of soft colloids in a fluid can be detected experimentally by Brillouin light scattering. Besides the usual acoustic mode, being essentially the longitudinal phonon of the liquid matrix, an "opticlike" mode is observed in giant starlike micelles at low volume fractions. We propose that…
Dense, crack-free, uniform, and homogeneous (RE2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 (RE=Sc, Y) nanocrystalline thin films were fabricated by a simple sol-gel method and characterized by impedance studies. At temperatures beyond 600 °C, the electrical conductivity of (Sc2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 and (Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 nanocrystals in pure cu…
We calculate the electronic states of the Mn-doped semiconductors and show that resonant states are formed at the top of the down spin valence band due to magnetic impurities and that they give rise to a strong and long-ranged ferromagnetic coupling between Mn moments. We propose that the coupling of the resonant stat…
Carbon nanotubes grown on a Ni substrate and an Fe–Ni–Cr alloy substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. TEM showed that the nanotubes on both substrates have a piled-cone structure with metal particles…
A scaling technique is developed to predict micromagnetic properties of magnetic materials subject to thermal fluctuations over long time scales. This theory, based on the equivalence of time and temperature for thermally activated processes, is tested by predicting hysteresis loops for two different thin film magneti…
The bubbles that usually appear in the bulk of an adhesive film during separation allow for a significant deformation of the adhesive material and are therefore an essential ingredient for a high dissipation. Recent observations have shown that they appear in the early stages of separation. The present model describes…
Epitaxial Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(PZT/LSMO) and LSMO/PZT/LSMO heterostructures have been grown on LaAlO3(001) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. Three types of ferroelectric capacitors, i.e., Pt/PZT/LSMO (A), LSMO/PZT/LSMO (B), and Pt/PZT/LSMO (C) have been fabricated, where the Pt electrode was sputter…
Three-dimensional (3D) piezoresponse force microscopy is applied in order to differentiate 90° and 180° domain switching in PbTiO3 (PTO) thin films. The 3D domain configuration is recorded both statically, revealing the surface crystallographic orientation of PTO films on the nanometer scale, and dynamically by simult…
We propose a method of rapid construction of a structural–magnetic–electronic phase diagram of doped Mott insulators. The composition-spread method is utilized for fabricating a film whose doping concentration varies from 0 to 1 continuously. The concurrent x-ray diffractometer that measures x-ray diffraction spectra…
Arrays of aligned nanotubes of large diameter (100–250 nm) are synthesized by pyrolyzing a jet (spray) solution of Fe(C5H5)2 and C6H6 in an Ar atmosphere at relatively low temperatures (850 °C). The tubular structures consist of highly crystalline nested graphene cylinders (<200 concentric tubes) with tips that…
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on iron-deposited silicon oxide substrate by thermal chemical vapor deposition of acetylene. The carbon nanotubes have no encapsulated iron particles at the closed tip and a bamboo structure in which the curvature of compartment layers is directed to the tip. A base growt…
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is traditionally the Cinderella of electron microscopy, often seen as a playground for biologists and other disciplines remote from physics, and overshadowed by high resolution TEM, dominated by eminent scientists concerned with atomic structure and quantitative analysis. When Max Kn…
An increase of the critical resolved shear stress of Invar alloys (Invar hardening) with a lowering temperature is explained. The effect is caused by a growth of the exchange interaction between dangling $d$-electron states of dislocation cores and paramagnetic obstacles (e.g., Ni atoms in FeNi alloys) which occurs be…
We describe a new class of nanoscale structured metals wherein the effects of quantum confinement are combined with dispersive metallic electronic states to induce modifications to the fundamental low-energy microscopic properties of a three-dimensional metal: the density of states, the distribution of Fermi velocitie…
The actual mechanism of polarization switching in ferroelectrics remains a puzzle for many decades, since the usually estimated barrier for nucleation and growth is insurmountable ("paradox of the coercive field"). To analyze the mechanisms of the nucleation we consider the exactly solvable case of a ferroelectric fil…