Materials Literature
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The annealing behaviour of an Al–6 wt-%Ni alloy containing a dispersion of second phase particles has been studied. It is shown that for a particle diameter of 0·3μm, annealing takes place by extended recovery. However, for a particle diameter of 1·7 μm, discontinuous recrystallisation occurs. The relationship between…
Abstract Die Verbindungen Rb 2 Mn 3 Se 4 , Cs 2 Mn 3 Se 4 , Rb 2 Mn 3 Te 4 und Cs 2 Mn 3 Te 4 wurden durch Umsetzungen von Alkalimetallcarbonaten mit Mangan oder Mangancarbonat und Chalkogen in einem mit Chalkogen beladenen Wasserstoffstrom erhalten. Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen ergaben, daß alle Verbindungen isotyp…
Long-term prediction of localized corrosion of high-level nuclear waste container materials is a necessary step in the performance assessment of the engineered barrier system. Localized corrosion of corrosion-resistant materials may occur if the containers are exposed to chloride (Cl–)-containing ground water at eleva…
Abstract In this article, a Monte Carlo simulation is presented, which generates the equilibrium director field of a nematic liquid crystal under the influence of an external field and fixed boundary conditions. The liquid crystal is characterized by a set of directors on a spatially fixed lattice. The simulation is b…
Abstract The particle size distribution of crystalline solids has progressively become a key parameter in manufacturing processes, as important as chemical purity. Among the particle size determination and counting systems available on the market, very few offer the possibility of continuous in situ monitoring of the…
Radical copolymerization of N-methylmaleimide (MeMI) as well as other N-alkylmaleimides (RMI) and isobutene (IB) was carried out with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator at 60°C. The initial rate of the copolymerization (Rp) was dependent on the monomer composition and was maximum at the 40 mol % of MeMI in…
Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy, band-structure calculations, polarization-voltage measurements, and charge injection experiments are used to show that ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{2+}$ ion displacements are critical to the ferroelectric behavior of Pb(Zr,Ti)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The displacements of the ${\mathrm{Pb}}^…
Abstract Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor both molecular interactions and concentrations of volatile organic chemicals adsorbed on a commercial montmorillonite. Chemicals tested included propanoic acid, hexanal, heptanal, trimethylamine, dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulf…
UNLABELLED: Metal chelate ions are commonly used in medical diagnostic imaging as MRI contrast or imaging agents. The efficacy of these metals depends on their in vivo behavior, which in turn depends on their in vivo speciation. METHODS: A computer model has been used to simulate the speciation of Ga3+ and Gd3+ in blo…
The staging phase transitions which occur during the intercalation of lithium in graphitic carbons were probed by in situ x-ray-diffraction and electrochemical methods. Turbostratic disorder (a random rotation or translation between adjacent graphene layers) in graphitic carbons (heat treated above 2200\ifmmode^\circ\…
A review is presented of the stabilisation of type 430 ferritic stainless steels, and the benefits and shortcomings of stabilizing elemental additions on the corrosion and mechanical properties discussed. Recent trends have been towards the use of dual stabilisation, or a combination of stabilising elements, and these…
The equations of dissipative particle dynamics for a linear harmonic chain are deduced from first principles. From the original chain, a coarse-grained chain is constructed by grouping the particles in clusters; the equations of motion for the position and momenta of these clusters are derived. The clusters interact w…
A theoretical approach for the prediction of the growth forms of crystals is presented on the basis of the kinetics of crystal growth. To describe the growth morphology of crystals, the more precise relations between the relative growth rate of the crystal faces {hkl} ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{hkl}}^{\mathrm{red}}$ and h…
Abstract The homopolymerization of butadiene in the presence of a rare earth‐containing catalyst system was examined at 60°C. The catalyst system consists of neodymium octanoate, diethylaluminium sesquichloride and triisobutyl aluminium in n‐heptane. This catalyst shows high activity also at low polymerization tempera…
Abstract— In order to study the cyclic stress‐strain behaviour under variable amplitude loading in terms of dislocation glide character and microstructure, various metals and alloys were cyclically loaded in single‐step tests and in an incremental step test (IST). The cyclic stress‐strain curves (CSS curves) which cor…
Incoherent imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides enhanced image resolution, strong Z-contrast, and the capability for direct inversion to the projected structure. It relies on the use of a high angle annular detector to average phase correlations between diffracted beams, while the c…
Beryllium oxide(BeO)-doped (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 13.6 wt%) UO2 pellets were fabricated to evaluate the effects of BeO precipitate shape on thermal conductivity. Precipitate distributions were of two types: BeO precipitated almost continuously along a grain boundary (designated BeO continuous type) and spherical BeO…
The Y-12 plant at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, produced nuclear materials for the U.S. government's nuclear weapons program beginning in 1943. Workers at Y-12 were exposed to low dose, internal, alpha radiation and external, penetrating radiation, as well as to beryllium, mercury, solvents, and other industrial agents. This…
Oxidation studies have been performed on titanium dibor‐ide (TiB 2 ) powders, from room temperature up to 900°C. The studies were performed at low partial pressures of oxygen, at 10 and 0. 05 ppm of O 2 in argon, simulating furnace atmosphere with flowing neutral gas of medium and high purity, and in air. It has been…
Thermodynamic calculations were performed to analyze the simultaneous oxidation of BN and SiC. The results show that, with limited amounts of oxygen present, the formation of SiO 2 should occur prior to the formation of B 2 O 3 . This agrees with experimental observations of oxidation in glassceramic matrix composites…