Materials Literature
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Chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 thin films were prepared by atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. For CVD from chromium hexacarbonyl, the lower limit of the reaction temperature was 150°C, which could be reduced to 60°C by irradiation with UV light. The films exhibited preferred overgrowth with a verti…
Structural changes in sol-gel derived amorphous silica films were investigated using vacuum ultraviolet light emitted from an undulator. A significant increase in the refractive index and a decrease in the thickness for the silica films were induced by photons with energies above ∼9 eV. The frequency shift of ω4 (tran…
Abstract This paper examines the mechanisms by which a polymer is dispersed in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. An experimental investigation of the morphological evolution has been carried out on a 45‐mm co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. Polyethylene/polystyrene (PE/PS) blends in the low concentration range (i.e., 5…
We have identified three distinct membrane vesicle populations from sea urchin egg cytoplasm that cooperate in assembling the male pronuclear envelope in vitro. Membranes from sea urchin egg homogenates were separated by buoyant density into five vesicle fractions, three of which bind to demembranated sperm nuclei. Ea…
Abstract Pure 4,4′‐bis(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)biphenyl ( 1 ) has been synthesized and its mesophase behaviour has been investigated. 1 forms a monotropic nematic mesophase with a virtual clearing temperature of 109°C. 1 has been cured with 2,4‐diaminotoluene ( 3 ), 4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl ( 4 ), and 4‐aminophenyl 4‐aminobenzoa…
We compared the efficacy and safety of three doses of beraprost sodium, an epoprostenol analogue, with placebo in the treatment of intermittent claudication (Fontaine's stage II). One hundred sixty-four patients were randomized to receive either placebo, 20 micrograms beraprost sodium (BPS60 group), 40 micrograms bera…
The CD spectra of dispersions of DNA, in the form of cholesteric liquid crystalline droplets, in an aqueous continuum have been studied. Calculated curves have been fitted to experimental spectra. The amplitude and the sign of the intense absorption band of the purine and pyrimidine bases vary with the droplet size, t…
Abstract We prepared several types of thick ≈200 μm films of a poly(vinyl chloride)/poly‐(methyl methacrylate) (PVC/PMMA) gradient polymer blend, which contained a widely waried compositional gradient phase, using a dissolution and diffusion method. We discussed the preparation conditions by classifying those gradient…
Highly textured silicon carbide was fabricated via anisotropic grain growth. Large, platelike grains were grown from a fine‐grained sintered matrix which had been seeded with ≤2% SiC platelets. The seeds were initially incorporated with preferred orientation during the green‐state forming process and this resulted in…
The repassivation characteristics of a titanium thin film evaporated from a high‐purity Ti source as well as selected α (commercially pure Ti, Ti‐5Al‐2.5Sn), β, and β + α titanium alloys (Ti‐15Mo‐3Nb‐3Al, Ti‐15V‐3Cr‐3Al‐3Sn, and Ti‐3Al‐8V‐6Cr‐4Zr‐4Mo) were examined. Both the rapid thin film fracture and scratch depass…
The complex dielectric response was studied for various compositions in the $({\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2y}}{\mathrm{La}}_{y})({\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.65}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.35}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}(\mathrm{PLZT} \frac{y}{\frac{65}{35}})$ crystalline solution as a function of ac drive amplitude, frequency, and temperat…
Indium oxide thin films have been prepared by thermal oxidation of vacuum-deposited indium thin films in air in an open furnace at about 600 K. These indium oxide thin films prepared by thermal oxidation have been examined for optical transparency by measuring their optical absorbance as a function of wavelength. From…
We present detailed measurements of the field and temperature dependence of the resistivity and magnetization of Ce(${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.93}$${\mathrm{Ru}}_{0.07}$${)}_{2}$. This system undergoes a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition near 115 K in zero field; applied fields suppress the temperature at which thi…
Visible light emission from Si+ implanted SiO2 layers as a function of different annealing conditions (temperature, time and ambient) is studied. It is shown that a 560 nm band, present in as implanted samples, increases its intensity for increasing annealing temperatures and is still observed after annealing at 1000…
First order reaction kinetics have been accurately fitted to birefringence data taken on polyvinylcinnamate samples during polarized UV exposure. The peak measured value of 0.0136 is about three times smaller than that found in rubbed polymers. However the measured azimuthal anchoring energy (4.2 × 10−6 J m−2) is abou…
The viscoelastic properties of gum rubbers and the properties of corresponding compounds are discussed. Representative examples are given to illustrate the important influence of gum rubber on the compound properties. A method for evaluating strain amplification and strain-rate amplification is proposed. Examples are…
Other| June 01, 1996 Mechanism of the SiO 4 for CO 3 substitution in defernite, Ca 6 (CO 3 ) (sub 1.58) (Si 2 O 7 ) (sub 0.21) (OH) 7 [Cl (sub 0.50) (OH) (sub 0.08) (H 2 O) (sub 0.42) ]; a single-crystal X-ray study at 100 K Thomas Armbruster; Thomas Armbruster Universitaet Bern, Laboratorium fuer chemische und minera…
Abstract Three way catalysts were dispersed over the surface of an anodized Ti wire in order to promptly eliminate hydrocarbons remained in cold-start-exhaust gas from an automobile engine. The anodized wire was heated up to 623 K or higher in 30 sec simply to loading 13 V to the ends of the wire, which resulted is ab…
The determination of thin film thickness by four X-ray reflectivity methods (namely, the peak separation, the Fourier transform, the modified Bragg equation, and the curve-fitting methods) has been studied. An analysis of SrS and BaF 2 thin films showed thickness values determined by the methods agreed to within 4%. T…
During sintering of Al 2 O 3 ‐10ZrO 2 ceramics, cracklike voids were formed due to the differential in densification between agglomerates and the matrix. The small external pressure (2 MPa) applied during presintering at 1200°C prevented the formation of these cracklike voids. The results are explained in relation to…