Materials Literature
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On the basis of the idea that a quasicrystal is a compound in which the average number of valence electrons per atom is around 2.0 and that its formation is dominated by atom size, stable icosahedral quasicrystals have been successfully synthesized in Ag-In-Ca, Ag-In-Yb, Ag-In-Ca-Mg and Ag- In-Yb-Mg systems. The Ag-In…
Thermal stresses are a critical factor in the development of reliable, fuel efficient, planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the literature, broad recommendations have been made on the importance of minimising differences in thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of materials used to fabricate SOFCs. The stresses d…
Variable temperature single-crystal structure analyses for Cs8Na16Si136, Rb8Na16Si136, Cs8Na16Ge136, and Rb8Na16Ge136 are reported along with electrical and thermal transport measurements on two polycrystalline specimens. The strong temperature dependence of the atomic displacement parameters for the alkali-metal atom…
A simple method for birdcage coil design (high pass, low pass, and band pass) is presented. Rather than iteratively approaching the Larmor resonant frequency with known capacitances and calculated inductances, a more versatile approach to birdcage coil design is developed and validated, in which the necessary capacita…
The hydroxylation and dehydroxylation behavior of amorphous silica fracture surfaces was studied using temperature‐programmed static SIMS. The results show that vacuum heat treatments result in more extensive condensation of silanol groups on the silica glass fracture surface as compared to fumed silica (Cabosil). Thi…
The reducibility and H 2 S absorption capacity of cerium oxide and Cu-containing cerium oxide were examined in this work in the temperature range 623−923 K. The sorbents, prepared in bulk oxide form by the urea coprecipitation/gelation method, were composed of a cerium oxide backbone with a small amount of copper (5−4…
Abstract The purpose of this report is to describe the appropriate use of indices relating to crystallinity, such as the ‘crystallinity index’, the ‘Hinckley index’, the ‘Kü bler index’, and the ‘Árkai index’. A ‘crystalline’ solid is defined as a solid consisting of atoms, ions, or molecules packed together in a peri…
Morphology development during reaction-induced phase separation in flexible polyurethane (PU) foam has been studied by time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering. Two different PU foaming systems, based on industrial formulations, have been studied. The scattering data have been analyzed using the Cahn−Hilliard model…
This paper outlines the innovations in high functional and high performance fibres for applications in protective clothing, including fibres for flame and heat protection. It also describes some typical woven and non‐woven constructions for such applications. And presents the trends in producing smart textile material…
Abstract The clay mineralogy of soil samples from the Morrow Plot Experiment (University of Illinois, Urbana Campus) was investigated. Analysis of soil samples taken at various intervals between 1913 and 1996 indicates that there is a significant influence of cropping method on the clay minerals in the soils. Curve de…
The incorporation of Er 3+ into BaTiO 3 ceramics was investigated on samples containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 8, and 10 at.% of dopant, after sintering at 1350–1550°C in air. For Er 3+ concentrations ≤1 at.%, dense and large‐grained ceramics with low room‐temperature resistivity (10 2 –10 3 Ω·cm) were obtained. The observe…
[reaction: see text] The combination of the ionic liquid [bmim]PF(6) and DMAP provides a most simple and practical approach to the immobilization of OsO(4) as catalyst for olefin dihydroxylation. Both the catalyst and the ionic liquid can be repeatedly recycled and reused in the dihydroxylation of a variety of olefins…
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were oxidatively functionalized by nitric acid treatment. The presence of carboxyl groups was proven by IR spectroscopy, matching earlier IR and NMR observations. Raman spectra in the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G line spectral windows were measured with six laser lines ranging…
Abstract A Mg-rich palygorskite sample from phosphorite deposits of Ganntour (Morocco) with the structural formula Si 8 ( Mg 2.6 Al 1.19 Fe 0.33 III □ 0.88 ) Ca 0.056 Na 0.024 K 0.104 O 20 ( OH ) 2 ( OH 2 ) 4 ⋅ 4 H 2 O , was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. In both OH-stretching and OH-bending regions, there is evidence…
La theorie des valences de liaisons est utilisee pour un examen de la stabilite possible de poles pour la structure de la tourmaline, avec une attention particuliere sur les solutions solides impliquant des couples de cations et d'anions heterovalents. D'importance primordiale a cet egard sont les sites O(1) et O(3),…
ABSTRACT: Xanthan gum coating was used to carry 5% Gluconal Cal, a mixture of calcium lactate and gluconate, and 0.2%α‐tocopheral acetate (vitamin E) by weight, respectively. Peeled baby carrots were dipped in the coating solutions, dried, and then stored at 2 °C and 85% relative humidity for up to 3 wk. Calcium and v…
An amphiphilic metallo-supramolecular poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer containing a bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex as a supramolecular connection between the two constituting blocks was used to prepare stable aqueous micelles. The micelles were characterized by…
The crystal structure of simonkolleite, Zn5 (OH)8 Cl2 (H2O), rhombohedral, space group R¯3m, a 6.3412(3), c 23.646(1) Å, V 823.4(1) Å3, Z = 3, has been refined to an R index of 1.6 % based on 284 observed (5) reflections measured with MoK X-radiation. There are two distinct Zn sites fully occupied by Zn: Zn(1) is octa…
Results of first-principles augmented spherical-wave electronic-structure calculations for niobium dioxide are presented. Both metallic rutile and insulating low-temperature NbO 2 , which crystallizes in a distorted rutile structure, are correctly described within density functional theory and the local density approx…
Using two different full-potential ab initio techniques we introduce a simple rule based on the number of broken first-neighbour bonds to determine the surface energies of the three noble metals Cu, Ag and Au. When one bond is broken, the rearrangement of the electronic charge for these metals does not practically lea…