Materials Literature
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Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys can respond to a magnetic field or applied stress by the motion of twin boundaries and hence they show large hysteresis or energy loss. Ni–Mn–Ga particles made by spark erosion have been dispersed and oriented in a polymer matrix to form pseudo 3:1 composites which are studied under a…
Creatures adapted to environmental conditions in a variety of ways, on the macroscopic as well as the microscopic scale. The evolved structures always give a hint about the design of functional materials. Recently, inspired by the trichomes on the surface of silver ragwort, we fabricated a surface with superhydrophobi…
Abstract Crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) is an analytical technique for determining the distribution of chain crystallizabilities of semicrystalline polymers. After only approximately a decade since it was developed, CRYSTAF has become one of the most important characterization techniques in polyolefi…
Polycrystalline samples of strontium series perovskite‐type oxides, SrCeO 3 and SrZrO 3 , were prepared and the thermophysical properties were measured. The chemical compositions of the samples do not deviate from the stoichiometric composition. The oxygen‐to‐metal (O/M) ratios of SrCeO 3 and SrZrO 3 are 3.00±0.03 and…
Many hydrogen-bonded liquids, especially glass-forming cases, display a dielectric relaxation behavior that differs qualitatively from that of other simple liquids. The majority of models aimed at explaining this unusual dielectric behavior associate the prominent Debye process with structural relaxation, viscous flow…
A block copolymer of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate (PME3MA) spontaneously exposes the PME3MA block, which is soluble in water, to the surface in a vacuum. dPS−PME3MA mixed with polystyrene (PS) segregates to the PS surface and changes the hydrophobic PS surface into h…
Cysteine sulfhydryl-rich peptide thiols are believed to play important roles in the detoxification of many heavy metals and metalloids such as arsenic, mercury, and cadmium in plants. The gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) catalyzes the synthesis of the dipeptidethiol gamma-glu-cys (gamma-EC), the first ste…
Single‐crystalline α‐Si 3 N 4 nanowires were synthesized by thermal decomposition of a polysilazane preceramic polymer using FeCl 2 powders as catalyst. The nanowires, which are 20–40 nm in diameter and up to several mm in length, possess smooth surfaces and uniform diameters along the entire length and contain no det…
This paper reviews some recent advances in small‐angle X‐ray and neutron scattering methods and their application to address complex issues in ceramic systems of technological importance. It is shown how small‐angle scattering (SAS) can be applied to ceramic systems in order to extract statistically representative mic…
We provide a rigorous theoretical basis for the artificial magnetic activity of metamaterials near resonances. Our approach is a renormalization-based scheme that authorizes a completely general theory. The major result is an explicit expression of the effective permeability, in terms of resonant frequencies. The theo…
This report describes two related methods for decorating cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) with luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). Variants of CPMV are immobilized on a substrate functionalized with NeutrAvidin using modifications of biotin-avidin binding chemistry in combination with metal affinity…
We have conducted a series of experiments designed to measure the flashover strength of various azimuthally symmetric $45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ vacuum-insulator configurations. The principal objective of the experiments was to identify a configuration with a flashover strength greater than that of the st…
Elastic shear moduli measurements on Fe100−xGax (x=12–33) single crystals (via resonant ultrasound spectroscopy) with and without a magnetic field and within 4–300 K are reported. The pronounced softening of the tetragonal shear modulus c′ is concluded to be, based on magnetoelastic coupling, the cause of the second p…
Orthogonally branched single-crystalline magnesium oxide nanostructures were synthesized through a simple chemical vapor transport and condensation process in a flowing Ar/O(2) atmosphere. Other morphologies, such as cubes and nanowires, can also be obtained under different controlled conditions. The formation of diff…
We present a detailed analysis of the effective force between two smooth spherical colloids floating at a fluid interface due to deformations of the interface in an inhomogeneous pressure field. The results hold in general and are applicable independently of the source of the deformation provided the capillary deforma…
Heat conduction through molecular chains connecting two reservoirs at different temperatures can be asymmetric for forward and reversed temperature biases. Based on analytically solvable models and on numerical simulations we show that molecules rectify heat when two conditions are satisfied simultaneously: the intera…
Co-sputtering from two independent magnetron sources was used to prepare polymer–metal nanocomposite films. Both gradient films with increasing metal fraction and homogeneous composite films were produced from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and silver targets using a rotatable sample holder. The structure of the pure…
Photoluminescence properties of Pr-doped alkaline-earth titanates Pr 0.002 (Ca,Sr,Ba) 0.997 TiO 3 are investigated by emission, excitation, and diffuse reflectance spectra at room temperature. The intensities of red luminescence and absorption due to f − f transition of Pr 3+ ions increase in the order of Pr-doped cub…
Unstabilized polypropylene (PP) films having selective 13 C isotopic labeling were subjected to thermal aging at 50, 80, and 109 °C and to γ-irradiation at 24 and 80 °C. The oxidized films were examined using solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Dramatic differences were found in the type an…
Alumina/yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) eutectic rods of 1 mm in diameter were grown by the laser‐heated floating zone method at different rates to obtain microstructures with the same morphology but of very different domain size. The mechanical properties of the rods (hardness, toughness, strength) were measured at amb…