Materials Literature
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Reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) was used to obtain [001] fiber-textured (1-x)Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-(x)PbTiO/sub 3/ (x=0.3-0.35). The RTGG process involved the use of-oriented BaTiO/sub 3/ and SrTiO/sub 3/ template particles in a fine grained precursor PMN-32PT matrix during tape casting. A high deg…
In an effort to answer the global call for "green technology", On Semiconductor Philippines Inc., has evaluated and qualified molding encapsulants (green molding compounds, GMCs) which do not contain the conventional halogenated flame-retardant. In this study, the tested resin formulations which are based on biphenyl,…
A new environmentally friendly, self-extinguishing epoxy-resin compound with no flame-retardants (such as halogen derivatives) has been developed for integrated circuit (IC) packaging. This compound mainly consists of phenol-aralkyl-type epoxy resin and hardener both of which contain a multi-aromatic substituent, fuse…
The application of megasonic energy for particle removal has been shown to be a very effective, noncontact cleaning method. Equally as important to the cleaning of the wafer surface is the drying process. A very common method is a high speed spin dry but this is ineffective both from a particle reduction and water-mar…
We introduce several methods for symmetry detection and present results of their experimental evaluation on diatom images. The methods are based on distance lists, cyclic string matching, and gray level gradient direction histograms. From the experimental results it can be concluded that symmetry information is useful…
In this paper, we present data from three wafer level electromigration test techniques, isothermal, constant current, and standard wafer level electromigration accelerated test (SWEAT), and compare various aspects of the data. The isothermal method keeps the test line at a constant temperature by monitoring line resis…
This paper deals with partial discharge (PD) measurement technique on the range of high frequency by capacitive sensor for the power cable system. This sensor is installed inside of cable joints and terminations without affecting the insulation design. The sensitivity of the sensor depending on the installation condit…
The Standard Wafer Level Electromigration Accelerated Test (SWEAT) is one of a few highly accelerated stress tests of metal-line test structures that are used to monitor electromigration resistance. Earlier works and our own examinations have shown that when the JEDEC standard SWEAT method is used, unexpectedly large…
An asymmetric copper(I) dimer Cu(1)2(pip)2 [pip = (2-picolyliminomethyl)pyrrole anion] with both two-coordinate and four-coordinate copper(I) sites was synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations.
Black oxide is a conversion coating applied to a copper surface to improve the interface adhesion with polymeric adhesives and moulding compounds. State-of-the-art analytical instruments, including SEM, TEM, XPS, AFM, XRD, goniometry, dynamic SIMS and RBS were employed to characterize the coated surface and interfaces…
Using a lumped capacitance circuit model simulated under the Electromagnetic Transient for DC (EMTDC) program, waveforms of the Whitehead equivalent void model are generated and analyzed. Type of discharge varies within a void and is not readily known due to the uncertainty in the parameters. This paper attempts a mod…
We have measured some of the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric constants of several types of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, manufactured by EDO Corporation, as a function of applied electric field and mechanical stress. Both the high frequency impedance resonance method and the low frequency response of the material…
We present hard x-ray scattering studies of the charge and orbital ordering in ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1/2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/2}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ together with magnetization and thermal expansion measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Superstructure reflections corresponding to the orbital ordering belo…
Density-functional theory is used to investigate the phase behavior of colloidal binary hard-platelet and hard-rod fluids near a single hard wall or confined in a slit pore. The Zwanzig model, in which the orientations of the particles of rectangular shape are restricted to three orthogonal orientations, is analyzed b…
A kinetic model for the evolution of the cluster size distribution during crystal nucleation and growth is presented. The model allows one to establish precise links between model parameters and experimental measures of nucleation kinetics. This approach demonstrates the significance of several processes not accounted…
Two hydrogen and two silicon-related defect centers were detected and characterized by electron-spin resonance (ESR) in diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition. Observation of hyperfine structure, combined with illumination and polishing treatments, suggests that the observed KUL2 and KUL9 ESR centers origina…
3D nanomanipulations of nano-order objects are realized with a 10-DOF nanorobotic manipulator, which is actuated with PZTs and Picomotors and operated inside a SEM. The coarse linear resolutions of the manipulator are better than 30 nm (X, Y, Z stages actuated by Picomotors) and the rotary one 2 mrad, while the resolu…
We study, with exact diagonalization, the zero temperature properties of the quarter-filled extended Hubbard model on a square lattice. We find that increasing the ratio of the intersite Coulomb repulsion, V, to the bandwidth drives the system from a metal to a charge ordered insulator. The evolution of the optical co…
Lead-based single crystal relaxor ferroelectrics have been developed with fundamental properties that in theory should dramatically enhance the bandwidth and sensitivity-bandwidth product for ultrasound transducers. High sensitivity array elements with fractional bandwidths of over 120% have been modeled using the pro…
We use a nondestructive technique of fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy to visualize three-dimensional director patterns of defects in Grandjean-Cano wedges filled with a cholesteric liquid crystal of pitch p=5 microm. Strong surface anchoring of the director causes a stable lattice of dislocations in the bul…