Materials Literature
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Abstract The prevention and treatment of crystal deposition in the human body are based on the understanding of the physicochemical properties underlying the precipitation of the substances involved. Among these properties, the solubilities of the crystals are very important. Recently, experimentally determined solubi…
Band shifts in Raman spectra were used to assess, on a microscopic scale, the residual strain existing in Hi‐Nicalon silicon carbide fibers reinforcing celsian‐matrix composites. Uncoated as well as p‐BN/SiC‐coated and p‐B(Si)N/SiC‐coated Hi‐Nicalon fibers were used as the reinforcements. We unambiguously conclude tha…
The first successful alignment of helix axes of chiral nematic liquid crystals (LCs) by the photoalignment technique is reported here. The helix axis aligns perpendicularly to the propagation direction of the incident non-polarized light. Dark and bright images (see Figure) of the aligned helix axis of a chiral nemati…
The morphology, taxonomy and distribution of Thalassionema (six species), Thalassiothrix (five species), Trichotoxon (one species) and Lioloma (three species) are examined. They are needle-shaped diatoms ranging in size from a few μm to several millimetres. Colony formation is represented in all genera but apparently…
Conoscopy as an optical method for accurate measurement of crystal tilt angles from interference figures is analyzed for the special case of uniaxial crystals. The displacement of interference figures is related to the crystal tilt angle in an explicit, noniterative manner that is accurate to within ~2%. The analysis…
Multilayered nanocomposite films were prepared from aluminosilicate platelets with functional chromophores and polyelectrolytes through electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly. Fluorescent dye coumarin was intercalated into the layered aluminosilicate hectorite, and the resulting hectorite/coumarin intercalation complex…
Our previous work demonstrated that proteases are effective scouring agents for boiling-water pretreated cotton fabrics. In this study, we investigate whether proteases are effective scouring agents when directly applied on raw greige cotton fabrics without the boiling water pretreatment. Direct reactions with three p…
Three fluoropolymer latices, two of them commercially available and the third synthesized as a reference material, are applied by padding to wool, cotton, and polyester fabrics, and their performance is evaluated by means of technological standard test methods for water repellency, oil repellency, fabric hand, and mec…
Wetting phenomena are theoretically studied for a slit pore or slab geometry between two structured surfaces which contain stripes of lyophilic surface domains. Two different approaches are used and compared: Monte Carlo simulations of lattice gas models and minimization methods applied to effective interface models.…
The successful preparation of novel thin nanocomposite films containing continuous periodic arrays of self-assembled silver nanocrystals in a polystyrene (PS) matrix is reported in this communication. The Figure shows a photo of a thin nanocomposite Ag–PS film supported by a wire loop. The simple and rapid synthetic p…
SUMMARY In the Soom Shale, labile soft tissues have been replaced rapidly after death by authigenic clay minerals which now have an illitic composition. There are two possible pathways for this mineralization: (1) initial replacement of soft tissue by kaolinite which was then diagenetically transformed to illite; or (…
FTIR and EPR of adsorbed probe molecules were used to study Lewis acid sites in FAU and MFI zeolites with different nonframework Al content. Infrared spectra of adsorbed CO at low temperatures give information about all types of sites. The absorption bands were assigned to CO fixed on Brönsted sites, cations, and true…
Atomistic simulations using a modified generalized pseudopotential theory potential and Green's function boundary conditions were employed to determine the Peierls stress of rigid straight (a/2)〈111〉 screw dislocations for the application of shear stresses on {110}- and {112}-type planes in bcc Mo. It is found that th…
Vanadium oxide thin films with different stoichiometry have been deposited on In2O3:SnO2 (ITO) glass and Si wafer by pulsed laser deposition technique at different substrate heating or annealing temperatures and oxygen pressure. The structural properties of as-deposited and annealed VOx thin films were analyzed by usi…
Spectroscopic properties of Ho3+-doped ZnCl2-based glasses are investigated. The Ω2 value of the glass is especially large compared with those in fluoride glasses while the Ω4 and Ω6 parameters are relatively small. Decay measurements for three excited states F55, S25+F45, and F2,35+K83 were performed and multiphonon…
The past two decades have witnessed significant developments in the study of water-soluble cellulose derivatives. Numerous new water-soluble cellulosic polymers have been synthesized and studied for diversified applications including rheology modification, personal care and oilfield formulation, surface coating, collo…
The extracts of 12 plants selected on the basis of the folk-medicine reports were examined for their antibacterial effects against eight pathogenic bacteria. The n-butanol extract of Calotropis procera flowers and the aqueous extract of Eugenia caryophyllata proved to be the most effective against the bacteria tested.
Reaction of titanium butoxide and zirconium butoxide with methacrylic acid in different molar ratios results in the formation of the mixed-metal clusters Ti4Zr4O6(OBu)4(OMc)16, Ti2Zr4O4(OBu)2(OMc)14, Ti4Zr2O4(OBu)6(OMc)10, and Ti2Zr6O6(OMc)20 (OMc = methacrylate). The molecular structures of these clusters have been d…
Abstract The surface chemistry of a commercial soda‐lime silicate glass is shown to change during a long‐duration XPS experiment wherein the glass surface was exposed to the monochromatic x‐rays and low‐energy electrons (0.2–5 eV) that compensate for the charging of the surface. The atomic percentage of sodium increas…
A soft ellipsoid model for Gaussian polymer chains is studied, following an idea proposed by Murat and Kremer [J. Chem. Phys. 108, 4340 (1998)]. In this model chain molecules are mapped onto ellipsoids with certain shapes, and to each shape a monomer density is assigned. In the first part of the work, the probabilitie…