Materials Literature
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The connections between microscopic dynamical processes and macroscopic viscous transport are not well known in multi-component oxide liquids, despite their importance in the glass industry and in the earth sciences. Here, rates of exchange among both silicate and borate network species in an alkali borosilicate liqui…
Effects of corrosion of alloys are evaluated in nickel‐metal‐hydride (Ni‐MH) cells. Particularly, it is shown how Al released by the corroded alloys pollutes the positive electrode, which endures a loss of charging efficiency, due to the formation of an hydrotalcite‐like phase stabilized with Al. Furthermore, since Al…
Polymorphic phase transitions between alumina structures based on fcc packing of oxygen have been studied by electron diffraction and highresolution electron microscopy. A new metastable alumina polymorph with monoclinic symmetry was identified in alumina obtained by both plasma spraying and thermal oxidation of alumi…
Demand for improved battery systems for electric vehicles and power sources in general suggests the need for more accurate descriptions of the solid‐state and electrochemical reactions which may affect active‐material usage. Tetrabasic lead sulfate ( 4 PbO ⋅ PbSO 4 ) is an intermediate phase commonly formed during pro…
A theory of radiative resonant x-ray Raman scattering by polymers and solids is presented. A detailed analysis demonstrates the crucial role of the momentum exchange between valence electrons and photons and between valence electrons and the core hole. It is shown that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) cross…
Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of α-methyl-substituted medium-size lactones, α-methyl-δ-valerolactone and α-methyl-ε-caprolactone, were carried in bulk. Immobilized lipase derived from Candida antarctica is active in the polymerization of both monomers. The polymerization proceeds under mild reaction con…
A criterion has been formulated for transcrystalline and intercrystalline fracture caused by the evolution of voids located both in a grain and on grain boundaries. The criterion is based on the idea of plastic collapse for a unit cell that is a regular structural mezovolume of polycrystalline material. The criterion…
AB and ABA block copolymers are synthesized by direct living anionic polymerization where the A-block is a liquid crystalline side chain polymer (LC-block) and the B-block is an isotropic polymer (I-block). Similar to amphiphilic block copolymers with a “hydrophilic” water soluble segment and a “hydrophobic” water ins…
The cholesteric pitch P of semiflexible helical polymer solutions was formulated using a threaded equivalent freely jointed chain model. The theory was favorably compared with experimental results of P for cholesteric solutions of the three helical polymers schizophyllan (a triple-helical polysaccharide), poly(γ-benzy…
Diamond microelectrodes are fabricated using microwave plasma CVD for the growth of electrically conducting single microcrystallite diamonds as well as diamond films on etched tungsten wires which are subsequently sealed in glass. The electroactive diamond is exposed by either mechanical polishing or by chemical etchi…
Other| February 01, 1998 A systematic approach to general and structure-type formulas for minerals and other inorganic phases Deane K. Smith; Deane K. Smith Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geosciences, University Park, PA, United States Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Andrew C…
We have used high-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction (XPS/XPD), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to determine the molecular orientation, long-range order, vibrational frequencies, and deso…
A simple model is introduced to describe liquid crystal transitions and phase separations in binary mixtures of a flexible polymer and a liquid crystal. By combining the McMillan theory for the smectic A phase of liquid crystals with the Flory–Huggins theory for the isotropic mixing of two components, we examine binod…
Abstract An industrial bulk process for the continuous production of high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) is mathematically modeled, and the model is validated with actual plant data. The steady states of two commercial HIPS grades were investigated. Polymer samples were taken along the process to measure monomer conversion…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">We have developed the New Ion Current Combustion Control System (ICCS) which can control individual cylinder air fuel ratio and ignition timing. And also we could get the significant improvements of performance by adapting this system to our small displacement 3-cylinder engine. T…
A relationship between swelling behavior and the Mooney-Rivlin constant (C 2), which has been suggested as being associated with intermolecular forces between cross-linked polymer chains and flexibility of the NR network structure, was observed under a constrained swelling condition of 100% elongation (by length). It…
Liquid crystal phases can be induced chemically by mixing compounds whose specific interactions are such that the transition temperature for the induced phase is higher than the melting points of the two compounds. A particularly dramatic example of such behaviour is the creation of a columnar nematic and a hexagonal…
Lithostathine (pancreatic stone protein, Reg protein) is, in addition to albumin, the major nonenzymatic protein of the pancreatic juice. It has been assumed to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation and therefore to prevent stone formation in the pancreatic ducts. This function is, however, debatable. The assumption…
Ductile materials such as AISI1008 low carbon steel characteristically exhibit poor chip breaking in conventional machining practices. This paper presents an environmentally clean cryogenic machining process which improves the breakability of AISI1008 chips by lowering the chip temperature to its embrittlement tempera…
The electronic and structural properties of neutral and charged ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{n}$ clusters, with $n=3$, 4, and 5, and related clusters, are examined using the higher-order finite-difference pseudopotential method. The ground-state structures for these clusters are determined via a simulated annealing…