Crystal structure determination
1. The basis of the method 2. The method step by step 3. The method illustrated by edxamples 4. Further topics Appendix (Answers to problems)
Materials Literature
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Doxorubicin entrapped in sterically stabilized liposomes: effects on bacterial blood clearance capacity of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
The introduction of long-circulating liposomes sterically stabilized by surface coating with polyethylene glycol has expanded the potential for drug targeting to tumors. In recent clinical studies, evidence of significant antitumor activity has been obtained with the industrially prepared formulation of long-circulati…
A novel ‘build-bottle-around-ship’ method to encapsulate metalloporphyrins in zeolite-Y. An efficient biomimetic catalyst
Electrostatic interaction is introduced between the host and guest in the synthesis of faujasite-Y confined metallotetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylanilinium) porphyrin cations (MTMAnP4+); the synthesized composites display high catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexene.
Synthesis of phthalocyanine-doped silica mesostructured materials by ferrocenyl surfactant
Photosensitive copper phthalocyanine-(CuPc) doped silica mesoporous materials (in powder) have been directly synthesized by a self-organizing coassembly process using a functional surfactant, 11-ferrocenyltrimethylundecylammonium (ferrocenyl TMA) molecules. This simple method shows that it is not necessary to dope mol…
Layer Charge Estimation of Smectites Using Infrared Spectroscopy
A new method of measuring the layer charge of smectites by IR spectroscopy is proposed based on the integrated intensity measurement of the band assigned to the ammonium fundamental upsilon 4 mode of NH (super +) 4 -exchanged clays. Measurements are made before and after Li fixation (Hofman & Klemen effect). These all…
SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE PARTICLES FROM AQUEOUS MEDIA: THE HOMOGENEOUS ALKALIN1ZAT1ON METHOD
An analysis of the urea method as a way to synthesize uniform colloidal particles is presented. Various selected cases of precipitation and coprecipitation are reviewed to illustrate the inherent complexities of the method. The importance of the kinetics of urea hydrolysis is recognized. The concept of trajectory is u…
Synthesis of 3,4-diarylpyrroles and conversion into dodecaarylporphyrins; a new approach to porphyrins with altered redox potentials
3,4-Diarylpyrroles (1) have been directly prepared in 20–50% yield by the reaction of β-nitrostyrenes with aqueous TiCl3 in 1,4-dioxane. Pyrroles 1 were also prepared via Barton–Zard pyrrole synthesis using the reaction of α-nitrostilbenes with ethyl isocyanoacetate followed by de-ethoxycarbonylation. 3,4-Diarylpyrrol…
Assembly of alternating TiO2/v\CdS nanoparticle composite films
A composite film comprising TiO2 and CdS nanoparticles was fabricated based on an alternating deposition method; this was confirmed by UV–VIS spectroscopy, TEM, and photocurrent measurements.
Crystal structure, ferromagnetic ordering and magnetic anisotropy for two cyano-bridged bimetallic compounds of formula Mn2(H2O)5Mo(CN)7·nH2O
Slow diffusion of aqueous solutions containing K4[MoIII(CN)7]·2H2O and a MnII salt, respectively, affords well shaped single crystals of two cyano-bridged bimetallic phases ordering ferromagnetically with a pronounced magnetic anisotropy in the magnetically-ordered phase.
Modified Mg–Al hydrotalcite: a highly active heterogeneous base catalyst for cyanoethylation of alcohols
Modified Mg–Al hydrotalcite (Mg:Al = 3:1) prepared by thermal decarbonation followed by rehydration of a conventional Mg–Al hydrotalcite is found to be a highly active, reusable and air stable catalyst for cyanoethylation of alcohols.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Four New (Cu−Ni)2 Tetranuclear Complexes of General Formula [Cu(oxpn)Ni(μ-NCS)(H2O)(aa)]2(X)2 (oxpn = N,N‘-Bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamide; aa = Bidentate Amine; X = ClO4- or PF6-). Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Alternation
The reaction of ethanolic/water solutions of NiX 2 ·6H 2 O (X = NO 3 -, ClO 4 - ), bidentate amine N,N,N‘,N ‘-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) and N,N,N ‘-trimethylethylenediamine (trimen) with [Cu(oxpn)] (oxpn = N, N ‘-bis(3-aminopropyloxamide) and ammonium thiocyanate, in the presence of ammonium hexafluorophosphat…
Polymer Inclusion Compounds
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Schlenk was the first to use the term inclusion compound (IC) to describe the crystalline adducts in which one component (host molecule) crystallizes into a matrix, isolating the second component (guest molecule) into cavities of well-defined geometry [1]. Most of the ICs reported have…
Carbon and energy flux constraints in continuous cultures of Alcaligenes eutrophus grown on phenol
Summary: The growth behaviour of Alcaligenes eutrophus on phenol was investigated in continuous cultures to identify the phenomena limiting both growth efficiency and substrate degradation rates. It was shown that the fixed stoichiometry of the meta pathway of phenol degradation, leading to equimolar quantities of pyr…
XAFS study of zirconia-supported copper catalysts for the NO–CO reaction: Deactivation, rejuvenation and stabilization of Cu species
A Cu/ZrO2 (1 wt.% Cu) catalyst shows high activity for the NO–CO reaction, even at low temperature (100–200 °C). However, the low-temperature activity is easily lost during prolonged reaction at 250 °C. The activity of the deactivated Cu/ZrO2 catalyst is completely restored by NO treatment (1% in He) at >250 °C or O2…
Highly polarized electron donors, acceptors and donor–acceptor compounds for organic conductors
New types of π-electron donors and acceptors with high polarizability are reviewed. TTF derivatives with polarizable substituents, π-extended TTF analogues fused with nitrogen-containing heterocycles and non-TTF donors (i.e. electron donors) and chalcogen atom-containing quinones, TCNQ and DCNQI analogues (i.e. electr…
17th International Conference on Thermoelectrics
Conference proceedings front matter may contain various advertisements, welcome messages, committee or program information, and other miscellaneous conference information. This may in some cases also include the cover art, table of contents, copyright statements, title-page or half title-pages, blank pages, venue maps…
Two-dimensional intrinsic and extrinsic ferromagnetic behavior of layeredLa1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7single crystals
The low-field magnetization $M$ and susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} are reported for the two-layered Ruddleson-Popper phase ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}{)}_{2}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{for}\mathrm{ }x=0.4$ (denoted ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr…
In situ EPR/UV–VIS spectroelectrochemistry of polypyrrole redox cycling
The redox behaviour of polypyrrole layers prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole in acetonitrile solutions was studied using insitu EPR/UV–VIS spectroelectrochemistry. Various supporting electrolytes: p-toluene sulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) and tetraethylammonium p-toluene sulfonat…
Spherical polyphenylene dendrimers via Diels–Alder reactions: the first example of an A4B building block in dendrimer chemistry
The [2+4]cycloaddition of the novel A4B building block 2,3,4,5-tetrakis(4-triisopropylsilylethynylphenyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dienone 3 with 3,3’,5,5’-tetraethynylbiphenyl 1 allows the rapid synthesis of a spherical polyphenylene nanoparticle with 102 benzene rings.
Photoreductive dechlorination of chlorinated benzene derivatives catalyzed by ZnS nanocrystallites
ZnS nanocrystallites effectively enhanced photo-reduction of chlorinated benzene derivatives in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor under UV irradiation (λ > 300 nm), leading to selective and stepwise dechlorination to give benzene at the final stage.