Materials Literature
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We prepared nonresonant-type homogeneous glasses containing Bi(2)O(3) by the melting method. The thirdorder optical nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)) was found by third-order harmonic generation measurement to be 9.3 x 10(-12) esu. We attribute the nonlinearity of these glasses to the large molar refraction of glasses…
We present a structural and vibrational analysis of several amorphous (disordered) and ordered isomers of a 55-atom gold cluster. A Gupta n-body potential, with parameters fitted to gold clusters, was used to model the metallic bonding in the ${\mathrm{Au}}_{55}$ cluster. The molecular-dynamics method combined with si…
Insulator-metal transitions and related electronic structures have been investigated for single crystals of perovskite-type cobalt oxides $R\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(R=\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}\…
A study of the thermoelectric properties of the skutterudite compound CoSb3 was carried out on single crystals grown by the Bridgman gradient freeze technique. p- and n-type samples were obtained over a wide range of carrier concentration. Undoped As-grown crystals show p-type conductivity while n-type samples were ob…
Conventional continuum damage descriptions of material degeneration suffer from loss of well-posedness beyond a certain level of accumulated damage. As a consequence, numerical solutions are obtained which are unacceptable from a physical point of view. The introduction of higher-order deformation gradients in the con…
We report on low-temperature (77 K) far infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopic measurements on a short period GaAs/AlAs superlattice, and discuss the optics of the modes observed. We assess the significance of the ATR technique for determining superlattice phonon parameters. We model the results usin…
We discuss the possibility of the ``mixed state'' in incommensurate charge density waves with three-dimensional order. The mixed state is created by applying an electric field perpendicular to the chains. This state consists of topological dislocations induced by the external field and is therefore similar to the mixe…
Systematic studies of the influence of local microstructure on electromigration (EM) dynamics in submicron Al (0.5 wt % Cu) interconnects were performed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. This approach has allowed us to observe, in real time, voids forming, growing, migrating, pinning, failing a runner, a…
We have grown amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide thin films on a cathode substrate by rf plasma decomposition of diborane and methane. The chemical composition, infrared absorption, optical absorption, microhardness, and adhesion of these thin films were measured. As a function of increasing diborane concentration i…
PART 1 RADIOGRAPHY and MATHEMATICS: Principles of Radiography. Geometric Radiography. The Inverse Square Law. The Exponential Law. PART 2 GENERAL PHYSICS: Laws of Physics (Classical). Units of Measurement. Experimentation and Statistics. Heat. Electrostatics. Electricity (DC). Magnetism. Electromagnetism. Electromagne…
Tunable room-temperature electroluminescence, photocurrent, and photoluminescence in the near infrared (λ∼1.3 μm) has been observed from Ge/Si/Ge/Si1−xGex quantum-well (QW) diodes grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The QWs are grown on a p+-doped 〈100〉-Si substrate and consist of two thin Ge wells separated by a thicker…
We calculate numerically the full Floquet-Bloch stability spectrum of cellular array structures in a symmetric model of directional solidification. Our results demonstrate that crystalline anisotropy critically influences the stability of these structures. Without anisotropy, the stability balloon of cells in the plan…
We have deposited boronated highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:B) films with low stress using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc. The sp3 fraction, hardness, and resistivity were measured as a function of the ion energy and were found to reach a maximum above 50 eV for B concentrations of 2% and 4%. The most signif…
The 3p absorption spectrum of over the and resonance regions is theoretically studied for the first time. The calculations were performed within the `spin-polarized' random-phase approximation with exchange. The ordering of these resonances is found to be opposite to that in Cr, and . As a result, the 3p absorption of…
We study the effect of DC electric field application on a ceramic by impedance spectroscopy and depolarization current measurements. The results indicate the onset of a true ferroelectric phase, characterized by long-range order, instead of a glassy one. The `freezing' temperature deduced from the Vogel - Fulcher rela…
Magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Gd}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$ semimagnetic semiconductor reveal a strong dependence of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between Gd spins on the concentration of carriers. We present a model explaining consistently both magnetic and transport properties of SnGd…
The growth of epitaxial rare-earth-transition-metal thin films is reported by magnetron sputtering on single-crystal MgO substrates. The use of epitaxial W buffer layers demonstrates a general approach to control the phase and orientation of the films. Structure and magnetism results for SmFe12(001) on W(100) and magn…
Anisotropic local structure has been observed around both the Fe and Ba ions in the amorphous precursor to Ba-hexaferrite thin films, using polarization-dependent extended x-ray-absorption fine structure. This anisotropic local structure, consisting mainly of a network of Fe-O octahedra, determines the orientation of…
Single bubble sonoluminescence is understood in terms of a shock focusing towards the bubble center. We present a mechanism for significantly enhancing the effect of shock focusing, arising from the storage of energy in the acoustic modes of the gas. The modes with strongest coupling are not spherically symmetric. The…
Combined partial discharge detection and video monitoring of the tree growth have shown a strong correlation between the partial discharge activity and the spatial and temporal development of electrical tree growth in CY1311 epoxy resin. CCD imaging of the spatial distribution of light emitted, due to partial discharg…