Materials Literature
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Using a high resolution optical polarimeter, we have measured the temperature dependence of the birefringence and optical rotation in chiral smectic liquid crystals that exhibit antiferroelectric, ferroelectric, and intermediate phases. The temperature dependence of the magnitude of the tilt angle was determined from…
Precursors for layer‐structured perovskite thin films of SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) and SrBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 (SBN) were prepared by the reactions of a strontium‐bismuth double methoxyethoxide and tantalum or niobium methoxyethoxide in methoxyethanol, followed by partial hydrolysis. Several spectroscopic techniques, such as 1 H‐…
Abstract Alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS) have been used successfully for many years in laundry and personal‐care products throughout Asia. Among their documented positive attributes are good cleaning and high foaming in both soft and hard water, rapid biodegradability, and good skin mildness. AOS has commonly been marke…
The widely differing properties of amorphous carbon films originate from the different s-p hybridization schemes possibly occurring in the C–C bond. For the study of such systems, an approach is suggested that provides direct access to these different types of s-p hybridization via a separate mapping of the s and p pa…
New measurements with a special cryostat, and a high resolution grid interferometer show that TGS exhibits Far Infrared (FIR) oscillations at θ = 5K with much smaller damping coefficients (δ = δv/v), than previously described (Gerbaux, X. and Hadni, A. (1991). Int. J. Infared and Millim. Waves, 12, 981). The values of…
We have investigated the growth of GaSe, a layered semiconductor, on single crystal Al2O3(0001)(sapphire), an ionic crystal. We have used reflection high energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy and diffraction to study the growth, interface reaction, and resu…
In this work we have studied the behavior of the bamboo domains under stress (/spl sigma/), tension (+/spl sigma/) as well as compression (-/spl sigma/), with the aim of making the domain model of the negatively magnetostrictive (-/spl lambda//sub 2/) CoSiB wire clear. It Is observed that the growth of the surface bam…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChemical Control of Ferroelectric Neutral-Ionic Transition in Charge-Transfer Complexes, TTF1-xTSFxQCl4 [TTF = Tetrathiafulvalene; TSF = Tetraselenafulvalene; QCl4 = p-Chloranil]Sachio Horiuchi, Reiji Kumai, and Yoshinori TokuraView Author Information Joint Research Ce…
Abstract Various elastomers are used for automotive components because of their physical properties, chemical properties, durability, etc. There are belts to transmit energy, seals to support radial or reciprocating parts, gaskets and O-rings to seal in oils and fuels, hoses to deliver liquid and gases and diaphragms…
Advanced raw materials and shaping approaches enable the production of pressureless‐sintered alumina parts where, in bending, the average maximum stress at the fracture origin is as high as 800 MPa. In individual specimens that fracture at lower stresses (450–600 MPa), failure often originates at volume flaws, as know…
Quantitative XPS has been used to determine the surface concentration of hydroxyl groups in native air-formed oxide films on metals having low surface areas. A mathematical expression has been derived to give the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups as a function of the intensity ratio of the OH to O2− contributio…
Abstract A kinetic study of the anionic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) in aqueous emulsion has been carried out in the presence of ionic additives. The rate of polymerization of several cyclosiloxanes has been compared, leading to additional evidence for an interfacial mechanism of polymerizatio…
The leakage current of ferroelectric thin film capacitors is comprised of electronic conduction current and polarization current. In this work, the origin of these leakage current components in lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin film capacitors is studied by means of two different methods. The first method distinguish…
The synthesis and characterization of some new polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing polyurethane elastomers are described. These materials were evaluated with respect to their potential use as biomaterials, more specifically for their use as blood- or urine-contacting materials. The stability of the materials towards…
Raman spectra of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), natural polycrystalline graphite (PCG), high pressure graphite (HPG), and low-temperature pyrolyzed polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) have been measured. Comparing the Raman spectra of each sample illuminated with laser beams of 488.0 nm and 1064.0 nm wavelengths, r…
Abstract— We examined decomposition products of lepidocrocite, which were produced by heating the phase in air at temperatures up to 525 °C for 3 and 300 h, by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetic methods, and reflectance spectroscopy (visible and near‐infrared (IR)). Single‐crysta…
The role of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) in limb and tail regeneration is the focus of this review. The dramatic effects of excess retinoids on regeneration are considered, which consist of the respecification of each of the cardinal axes of the limb and the transformation of tail regenerates into limbs. The evid…
ABSTRACT The effects of extrusion variables (moisture, screw speed, and temperature) and chemicals (urea and sodium bicarbonate) on the properties of starch‐based binders (water absorption, bulk density, binder yield, expansion ratio, solubility, pH) and processing conditions (die temperature and pressure, feed rate,…
Nanometer-sized ZnFe 2 O 4 particles capped with a layer of surfactant are synthesized and their optical absorption is investigated. Such capped ZnFe 2 O 4 particles present a strong band edge absorption in visible region and their energy band gap is estimated to be about 1.53 eV. It is also found that the capped nano…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTEffect of Chain End Chemistry on Surface Molecular Motion of Polystyrene FilmsKeiji Tanaka, Jiang, Kensuke Nakamura, Atsushi Takahara, Tisato Kajiyama, Takashi Ishizone, Akira Hirao, and Sei-ichi NakahamaView Author Information Depa…