Materials Literature
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Organic solar cells have the potential to become a low-cost sustainable energy source. Understanding the photoconversion mechanism is key to the design of efficient organic solar cells. In this review, we discuss the processes involved in the photo-electron conversion mechanism, which may be subdivided into exciton ha…
Engineered osmosis (e.g., forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, direct osmosis) has emerged as a new platform for applications to water production, sustainable energy, and resource recovery. The lack of an adequately designed membrane has been the major challenge that hinders engineered osmosis (EO) development.…
Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are synthesized by a simple and cost‐effective process with and without freshly water‐soluble egg white proteins (albumin) via sol‐gel method. The main advantage of using egg white proteins as a gelling agent is that it can provide long‐term stability for nanoparticles by…
Abstract Historically, the application of phase‐change materials and devices has been limited to the provision of non‐volatile memories. Recently, however, the potential has been demonstrated for using phase‐change devices as the basis for new forms of brain‐like computing, by exploiting their multilevel resistance ca…
Interactions between proteins are orchestrated in a precise and time-dependent manner, underlying cellular function. The binding affinity, defined as the strength of these interactions, is translated into physico-chemical terms in the dissociation constant (K(d)), the latter being an experimental measure that determin…
Our society's dependency on portable electric energy, i.e., rechargeable batteries, which permit power consumption at any place and in any time, will eventually culminate in resource wars on limited commodities like lithium, cobalt, and rare earth metals. The substitution of conventional metals as means of electric ch…
Biomorphic porous SiC ceramics produced by impregnation with liquid or \nvapor silicon of carbon matrices derived from peas (Pisum sativum L.) and beans \n(Phaseolus) precursors were investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was \nused to study the structure of ceramics. It was shown that SiC ceramics mad…
. Using the variational method in real space and the effective-mass theory, we present quite an advanced semi-analytic approach susceptible for calculating the binding energy Eb of Wannier excitons in semiconductor quantum dot structures with rectangular and parabolic shapes of the confining potential in the so-called…
Photoluminescence (PL) studies of CdTe polycrystalline films are reported. The films were grown using the modified close space sublimation technique on sapphire substrates. The mean grain size in the investigated films was ranged from 10 up to 360 μm. The distinct spectral bands around 1.580 and 1.440 eV were observed…
Abstract A physically valid parametrization of the crystal‐field (CF) Hamiltonian HCF has to reproduce not only the energy of Stark sublevels but also the multipolar structure of the central ion surroundings. The square of the second moment $\sigma {}^{2} {\left( {\left| {J} \right\rangle } \right)}$ of $\left| {J} \r…
Fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal (LC) mode is mainly used for high-end LC displays. At present, an LC with positive dielectric anisotropy is utilised, although light efficiency of the device in a white state is not maximised due to generation of tilt angle near the edge of electrodes along the field directi…
To clarify the influence of trap states on the emission dynamics of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, we measured the trap state lifetimes of single quantum dots by a photon interdetection time analysis method. As the applied electric field between two separated ITO substrates was ch…
Abstract Reaction of LnCl3 with Na2(PDDA) (PDDA = phenylene‐1, 2‐dioxydiacetate) in a 1 to 2 mol ratio in aqueous solution yielded [Ln2(PDDA)3(H2O)6]·2H2O, structurally characterized for Ln = Ce (1), Sm (2) (redetermination), Tb (3) and Y (4) in a monoclinic C2/c array, a second related structural form [orthorhombic,…
Local atomic structure of Ge x As 40x S 60 glasses (x = 16, 24, 32, and 36) has been investigated in the -irradiated (2.41 MGy dose) and annealed after -irradiation states by using the high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique.The accumulated dose of 2.41 MGy is chosen to be close to the known in literatu…
Pressure induced densification in a molecular arsenic sulfide glass is studied at ambient temperature using x-ray scattering, absorption and Raman spectroscopic techniques in situ in a diamond anvil cell. The relatively abrupt changes in the position of the first sharp diffraction peak, FSDP, and the pressure-volume e…
By phosphite-mediated couplings between functionalized benzaldehydes and 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones we have obtained a variety of π-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF). In particular, this method has provided a new stilbene-extended TTF with lateral alkyne functionalities, an H-type cruciform structure. This outcome is th…
x Nd ( Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) O 3 –(1− x ) Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 ( x NZT – BST ) thin films were fabricated on Pt / Ti / SiO 2 / Si substrates by sol–gel method with x = 0, 3%, 6%, and 10%. The structures, surface morphology, dielectric and ferroelectric properties, and thermal stability of x NZT – BST thin films were investig…
This paper compares three of the most common processes: laser, plasma and oxygen cutting in terms of economical point of view. It illustrates the introduction of thermal cutting methods into the manufacturing of the companies with an emphasis on their productivity. This comparison can be carried out only to a limited…
A single crystal of anilinium tetrathiafulvalene-2-carboxylate exhibits a characteristic electrical conduction; it is a semiconductor with activation-type transport above 200 K; σ(rt) = 0.16 S cm(-1) with an activation energy of 0.11 eV. On the other hand, below 200 K, it does not obey the Arrhenius relation but is co…
The aggregation behaviors and phase separation of binary nanoparticles immersed in semiflexible polymer brushes are explored using molecular dynamics simulations. The conformations of the binary nanoparticle–brush mixtures are very sensitive to the size ratio q = σl/σs, where σl and σs are the diameters for large and…