Materials Literature
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A brief review of the effect of Newton's macroscopic dynamic shear viscosity on the rotation of a cylinder and a ball in a viscous fluid is presented. The approximate nature of some of Stokes' formulae is discussed, and formulae from elementary viscosity theory are given. The concept of molecular viscosity is introduc…
A systematic account is given of the known data on polytypism in nonmetallic substances with various structures. The existing hypotheses concerning the nature of polytypism are discussed. It is shown that polytype formation in nonmetallic crystals is a solid-state relaxation rearrangement accompanied by the formation…
The current state of research into the oxo-acidity in alkali metal nitrate, sulfate, and halide melts is analysed on the basis of the proposed classification of oxo-acidity reactions (Lux–Flood acid–base interactions). It is established that a considerable proportion of literature data on homogeneous acid–base equilib…
The Industrial Drying Of Foods: An Overview. Drying Fundamentals. Through-Flow Dryers for Agricultural Crops. Fluidized Bed Dryers. Spray Dryers. Contact Dryers. Freeze Dryers. Dielectric Dryers. Specialized Drying Systems. Solar Dryers. Dryer Selection. Sensors, Control and Operation. References. Index
Various formation models for fullerenes and other carbon nanostructures are reviewed. The formation models considered include fullerene assembling from graphite sheets, 'nautilus' model, assemblage from clusters, 'fullerene road', and carbon cluster annealing. The selection of magic fullerenes and fullerene isomers is…
An alcoholic–aqueous solution of LiBr·H2O is a useful solvent for silk fibroin, if the ratio of alcohol content to water content therein is 1 or more. The mixed solvents consisting of ethanol, water, and LiBr·H2O showed a higher solubility if they contained a lesser amount of water. They further proved able to easily…
The lightly sulfonated polystyrene ionomer is only soluble in some organic solvents, such as toluene and tetrahydrofurnan (THF). The mixture of its organic solution with water normally leads to macroscopic phase separation, namely precipitation. In this study, using the steady-state fluorescence, the nonradiative ener…
Serine/glycolic acid-based biodegradable polymers have been prepared by ring-opening homopolymerization of 3-(O-benzyl)-L -serinylmorpholine-2,5-dione, and ring-opening copolymerization of the morpholine-2,5-dione derivative and L -lactide/ϵ-caprolactone. The homopolymerization was carried out in the melt at 165°C for…
This study focuses on the kinetics of ethylene/propylene (homo/co) polymerization reactions using a high activity TiCl4/MgCl2/AlEt3 catalyst. The reactor system is a gas phase reactor equipped with an on-line composition control scheme. As such, important kinetic data such as the instantaneous reaction rate of each mo…
Extensive thermal and relaxational behavior in the blends of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) (1-octene comonomer) with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been investigated to elucidate miscibility and molecular relaxations in the crystalline and amorphous phases by using…
New A2B monomers were synthesized for preparation of hyperbranched aryl ether sulfone macromolecules with aryl fluoride and phenol terminal functionalities. The macromolecules, which possess high thermal stability, were prepared using the divergent approach. A masked phenol with two aryl fluoride groups and a bispheno…
Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies were performed on a glass-forming polymer, poly(carbonate) (PC), under both isobaric and isochoric (constant volume) conditions. An isochoric glass transition was observed and the formation points were found to be consistent with those obtained isobarically. Although the isoba…
A combined experimental and modeling program approach was applied to evaluate the role of the carbon dioxide reactive component of soil gas on the long-term performance of cementitious wasteforms. Small wasteforms were cast with Portland cement and synthetic wastewater containing metals and nitrate as a tracer. A seri…
The integrals of the linear loss shear modulus vs. temperature (loss area, LA) and linear tan δ vs. temperature (tan δ area, TA) were characterized for various core/shell latex particles with synthetic rubber, poly(butadiene-stat-styrene) [P (Bd/S), 90/10], and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) as the cores. The…
The effect of pressure on the low-frequency dielectric constant, $ε_0$, of single crystals of KNbO_3 is investigated by means of capacitance measurements. The dielectric constant increases with pressure up to 22.5 kbar, where it exhibits a large value ($ε_0$ = 5000), and then decreases. This change in its behaviour is…
The optimization of ultrasonic irradiation as an advanced oxidation technology can be achieved by adjusting the ultrasonic frequency and saturating gas during sonolysis. The sonolytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) has been investigated at the ultrasonic frequencies of 20, 40,…
The exponentially strong damping of the conventional Friedel oscillations at elevated temperature T as well as due to disorder poses a severe problem to the Hume-Rothery (HR) stabilization mechanism of amorphous and quasicrystalline alloys. We show that quantum correlations induced by electron-electron interactions in…
We develop a microscopic scattering theory for the electromagnetic response of dielectrics. We derive the Lorentz-Lorenz relation for a hard-sphere fluid and for hard-sphere mixtures by summing rigorously the relevant class of multiple scattering events which incorporates particle correlations. The derivation neither…
An all-optical switch has been proposed based on photoinduced changes of an imaginary part of complex refractive index in a composite thin film made by silver and polymer thin films containing photochromic dye. Very fast switching on and switching off of a reading beam was demonstrated at the incident angle of guided…
The zero temperature phase diagram of the ferromagnetic Kondo model in one dimension is studied using numerical techniques, especially at large Hund coupling. A robust region of fully saturated ferromagnetism (FM) is identified at all densities. Phase separation between hole-rich and hole-poor regions and a paramagnet…