Materials Literature
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The effect of oxalic acid (OA) on corrosion resistance of carbon steel in sulphuric acid pH=2.5‐6.0 solutions containing 10 −7 ‐10 −3 M OA was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarisation measurements and immersion tests. The results suggest that OA is a good corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel, exhibiting i…
Abstract Conductive polymer composites were prepared using vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber as a matrix and conductive carbon black as a filler. The filler loading was varied from 10 to 60 phr. The volume resistivity was measured against the loading of the carbon black to verify the percolation limit. The electrica…
We demonstrate that molecular-dynamics simulations can reproduce the ferroelectric behavior of LiNbO3 and the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. We find that this phase transition is a two-stage process involving a displacive transition in the Nb–O cages at a temperature below the Curie temperature and an or…
We present detailed optical measurements of the mid-infrared (MIR) excitations in thin films of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ (LSMO) and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ (LCMO) across the magnetic transition. The shape of the excitation at about 0.2 eV in both sam…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Basic knowledge about the reaction kinetics of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) as well as measurement data from a dynamometer are used for the design of a physical mean-value model of an SCR catalytic converter system. The converter system consists of an injection device f…
The major route to convert lactic acid to high-molecular-weight polymers is ring-opening polymerization of lactide. We have investigated alternative synthesis routes based on oligomerization and chain linking to produce high-molecular-weight thermoplastic degradable polymers cost-effectively. Chain linking also offers…
Abstract Blends of isotactic polypropylene (PP), ethylene‐propylene rubber copolymer (EPR), and ethylene‐propylene crystalline copolymer (EPC) can be produced through in situ polymerization processes directly in the reactor and blends with different structure and composition can be obtained. In this work we studied th…
Abstract Nanocomposites were produced from cotton with montmorillonite clay used as the nanofiller material. Three exfoliation and intercalation methods with different solvents and clay pretreatment techniques were tested for the production of these organic–inorganic hybrids. The method that resulted in superior clay–…
Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers, prepared by melt blending of natural rubber (NR) and isotactic polypropylene (PP) through a dynamic vulcanization technique, were developed during the later 1970s. However, they have certain drawbacks due to thermal degradation and higher molecular weight of NR. In the study reported…
The thermal conductivity of nanoporous Bi thin films has been experimentally determined. Samples are fabricated by a liquid phase deposition, and their thermal conductivities are measured by a differential 3ω method. Nanoporous Bi thin films exhibit an order-of-magnitude reduction in thermal conductivity compared to t…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Published investigations on the calculation of pressure drop of diesel particulate filters consider the contribution of substrate, soot, channel flow and inertial effects at the inlet and outlet of the channels. The model presented in this work considers further contributions as t…
Abstract A novel way of preparing an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and its master batch by the reactive extrusion of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol, together with a polypropylene (PP) carrier, in a twin‐screw extruder has been established. The effect of the PP carrier resin on the flame retardancy and wate…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the past decade, SCR deNOx technology with urea injection has grown to maturity. European OEMs will apply SCR deNOx to meet future heavy-duty emissions legislation starting with EURO-4 (2005/2006). Numerous research programs in Europe and the US have shown a variety of system l…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The 2007 emission standards for both light-duty and heavy-duty diesel vehicles remain a challenge. A level of about 90% NOx conversion is required to meet the standards. Technologies that have the most potential to achieve very high NOx conversion at low temperatures of diesel exh…
Biotechnological studies towards the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biopolyesters have extensively progressed through the development of various metabolic engineering strategies. Historically, efficient PHA production has been achieved using the fermentation technology of naturally occurring PHA-producin…
The level splittings induced by a horizontal magnetic field in a parabolic two-dimensional quantum dot with spin-orbit interaction are obtained. Characteristic features induced by the spin-orbit coupling are the appearance of zero-field gaps as well as energy splittings that depend on the electronic state and the orie…
The pressure response of the scheelite phase of CaWO4 (YLiF4) and the occurrence of the pressure induced scheelite-to-wolframite (M-fergusonite) transition are reviewed and discussed. It is shown that the change of the axial parameters under compression is related with the different pressure dependence of the W-O (Li-…
The relaxors $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZN) and $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PMN) have very similar properties based on the dielectric response around the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ (defined by the structural transition under th…
We revisit the expression for the conductance of a general nanostructure -- such as a quantum point contact -- as obtained from the linear response theory. We show that the conductance represents the strength of the Drude singularity in the conductivity $σ(k,k';iω\to 0)$. Using the equation of continuity for electric…
In order to provide a quantitatively accurate description of the band-gap variation with sizes in various II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals, we make use of the recently reported tight-binding parametrization of the corresponding bulk systems. Using the same tight-binding scheme and parameters, we calculate the electron…