Materials Literature
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We report on a correlation between deep-level defects and turn-on recovery characteristics in AlGaN/GaN hetero-structures, employing Schottky barrier diodes. Photo-capacitance spectroscopy measurements reveal three specific deep levels located at ∼2.07, ∼2.80, and ∼3.23 eV below the conduction band, presumably attribu…
Hecke’s theorem on the distribution of fractional parts on the unit circle is generalized to the tori $\mathbb {T}^D=\mathbb {R}^D/L$ of arbitrary dimension $D$. It is proved that $|\delta _{k}(i)| \leq c_k n$ for $i=0,1,2,\dots$, where $\delta _{k}(i)=r_{k}(i) -ia_k$ is the deviation of the number $r_{k}(i)$ of retur…
Complexes [PtMe 2 (NN)], with NN = 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 4,4′-di- tert -butyl-2,2′-bipyridine (bu 2 bipy), di-2-pyridylamine (dpa), or di-2-pyridyl ketone (dpk), react easily with phthaloyl peroxide to give a mixture of the chelate complex [PtMe 2 {κ 2 - O, O ′-1,2-(O 2 C) 2 C 6 H 4 }(NN)], which was structurally ch…
In the last decade, different conductive networks for cooling heat generating bodies have been proposed, analyzed, and optimized. Links of a highly conductive material collect the heat generated in an area and conduct it to a heat sink. The important design point is how to dedicate the limited and expensive high condu…
The effect of the addition of small amounts of rare-earth elements such as La (0.01 mass%), Y (0.1 mass%), Er (0.1 mass%) and Ce (0.1 mass%) on the refinement of β-grains in an α+β-type Ti–4.5Al–6Nb–2Fe–2Mo alloy was investigated in the temperature range 1173–1573 K. The β-grain size and the rare-earth-oxide precipita…
Energetic frustration in protein folding is minimized by evolution to create a smooth and robust energy landscape. As a result the geometry of the native structure provides key constraints that shape protein folding mechanisms. Chain connectivity in particular has been identified as an essential component for realisti…
The electronic structures of chalcopyrite CuIn1−xGaxSe2 have recently been reported to have strongly anisotropic and non-parabolic valence bands (VBs) even close to the Γ-point VB maximum. Also, the lowest conduction band (CB) is non-parabolic for energies 50–100 meV above the CB minimum. The details in the band-edge…
Model systems of organic self-assembled monolayers are important in achieving full atomic-scale understanding of molecular-electronic interfaces as well as the details of their charge transfer physics. Here we use two-photon photoemission to measure the evolving unoccupied and occupied interfacial electronic structure…
In the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize, and to quantify diosgenin from sapogenin extract of Costus igneus rhizome. Crude sapogenin extract of C. igneus rhizome was chromatographed on silica gel column, eluting with solvent mixtures of increasing polarity composed of n-hexane, chlorofor…
The VLD (vive la difference) phasing algorithm combines the model electron density with the difference electron densityviareciprocal space relationships to obtain new phase values and drive them to the correct values. The process is iterative and has been applied to small and medium-size structures and to proteins. Hy…
The conventional and inverted organic solar cells (OSC and IOSC) based on the bulk heterojunction structure are investigated from both optical and electrical aspects. When the optical aspect is considered only, with the increase of the active layer thickness, the number of photons absorbed in the active layer and the…
The detailed balance model of photovoltaic up-conversion is revised for the specific case of a c-Si solar cell under the AM1.5G solar spectrum. The limiting efficiency of an ideal solar cell with a band gap of 1.117 eV may be increased from approximately 33% to 40% with ideal up-conversion. However, real solar cells d…
Simultaneous impact velocity and time-resolved emission measurements are made on shocked poly-methylmethacryalate doped with rhodamine 640 (R640) dye. Planar single-stage shocks in the 0-16 GPa range are produced using a laser-driven flyer plate apparatus. This method allows for reproducible measurements of the time-r…
Molecular dynamics simulation has been used to study the effect of pressure on self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of n -alkanethiols [CH 3 (CH 2 ) n −1 , n = 12–15] on Au(1 1 1) substrates. Mechanical properties of the monolayer compressed by another bare Au substrate (SAM–Au contact) or by another SAM (SAM–SAM contact)…
The dielectric properties of a series of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on which poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)s were densely grafted (PCHMA-CNTs) were systematically characterized over the broad frequency range of 10−2–108 Hz. PCHMA-CNT was used as an ideal polymer/CNT nanocomposite system in which the CNT is homogeneo…
Nanophotonic applications often involve large-scale problems with excessive demand on computational resources. We develop a domain decomposition method (DDM) to reduce computer memory and central processing unit (CPU) time requirements by combining the spectral element method (SEM) and the spectral integral method (SI…
A thorough study on the gate driver integrated with hydrogenated amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) for active-matrix flat-panel display (AM-FPD) is carried out in this work. The single stage circuit of the a-Si:H gate driver consists of input, pull-up, pull-down, and low-level holding units. The op…
Formation of the dendrite-type self-organized domain structures during polarization reversal at elevated temperatures (above 230 °C) has been revealed and studied in stoichiometric lithium niobate LiNbO3 single crystals. Optical, confocal Raman, scanning electron, and piezoelectric force microscopy have been used for…
The rapid growth of the click chemistry concept enables the production of a wide variety of functional polymers. Among the new generation of click chemistry reactions, the highly efficient addition reactions between electron-rich alkynes and cyano-based acceptors, referred to as alkyne-acceptor click chemistry, have f…
A new restraint scheme for Rietveld refinement based on Morse bond energy potential is introduced, in which the asymmetry of the Morse potential allows the refinement to `break' the incorrectly placed bonds. The analysis of bond-length distributions at different values of restraint strength reveals a visible differenc…