Materials Literature
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The crystalline basement of the Black Forest is under consideration as a possible repository for radioactive waste. Crystalline rock has traditionally been considered impermeable, even though very deep wells such as the Kola well in the former Soviet Union have been found to contain open, water‐filled fissures at more…
Microstructural and texture evolution during grain growth in polycrystalline thin films was investigated. Grain growth in thin films is a coarsening process driven by the reduction of grain boundary energy, surface energies, and strain energy density. Because crystal properties can be anisotropic, grain growth in thin…
An enzyme that reduces methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues in proteins [peptide Met(O) reductase (MsrA), EC 1.8.4.6; originally identified in Escherichia coli] was purified from bovine liver, and the cDNA encoding this enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The mammalian homologue of E. coli msrA (also called pmsR) cDNA…
We report six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of dissociative adsorption and associative desorption of the system H_2/Pd(100) using an ab-initio potential energy surface. We focus on rotational effects in the steering mechanism, which is responsible for the initial decrease of the sticking probability with…
Due to the improvement of computer power and the development of efficient algorithms it is now possible to combine high-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of the dissociative adsorption of molecular beams with reliable ab-initio potential energy surfaces (PES). In this brief review two recent examples of such…
We observe nonlinear phenomena in vibrating smectic films. In particular, the shapes and positions of steps present in smectic films are affected by film vibrations. Above a certain threshold, we observe an instability in the meniscus consisting of the formation of a peninsula-shaped step. We point out that these effe…
We have presented the electroless nickel plating technique as a preferred method for making ohmic or rectifying contacts on porous silicon. Nickel, plated by this technique, penetrates the pores and forms contact on an effective area, about 4.5 times the actual area of the sample. High-temperature annealing of the pla…
Ultrahigh second-order nonlinearities were observed in calix[4]arene-based, chromophoric super-molecules, which form densely packed, highly ordered monolayers on silica surfaces (shown on the right). The super chromophores consist of four stilbazole-imine units in a rigid cone conformation, in which all the dipoles ar…
Approximately stoichiometric InP films have been prepared over a range of substrate temperature . The structure of the deposited films has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments. TEM m…
Lineshapes in x-ray core-level photoemission (XPS) reflect the local electronic environment of the atomic species from which they originate, and the excitations of the material system which reduce the emerging photoelectron's kinetic energy. For metallic systems, we show that detailed analysis of such lineshapes provi…
Perovskite conductive LaNiO3 films, 250 nm thick, were prepared by metalorganic decomposition. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to determine the film thickness and composition. The x-ray diffraction patterns of LaNiO3 films indicated that the lowest temperature for crystallization is about 530 °C. The m…
A thermodynamic description of hysteresis phenomena is proposed, where the system evolution is described as a sequence of Barkhausen jumps, and the Preisach model is used to characterize the jump sequence. Expressions for Gibbs energy, entropy, and entropy production are derived. The equilibrium states of the minimum…
The kinetics of hexagonal to disordered and hexagonal to body-centered-cubic phase transitions in weakly segregated, microstructured systems (e.g., diblock copolymers) is studied using a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) approach. Both computer simulation of the TDGL equation and analysis of a simplified two-mode…
A single beam technique is introduced to determine the magnitude and sign of third order nonlinear optical coefficients of materials using intensity dependence of the complex refractive index. It is applicable to a large range of materials including those with a low damage threshold such as polymers and absorbing glas…
Structural design in the synthesis of solids is now a step closer, at least for mesoporous compounds. Surfactant assemblies are used as templates to structure metal oxides, which are formed from metal alkoxides. By adapting the headgroup of the surfactant to the inorganic component and exploiting the coordination chem…
By changing the electrode combination of Pt and LaNiO3 (LNO), four capacitor types of Pt/PZT/Pt/Si, Pt/LNO/PZT/Pt/Si, Pt/LNO/PZT/LNO/Pt/Si, and Pt/PZT/LNO/Pt/Si, were prepared to investigate the fatigue and hysteresis characteristics of the sol-gel-derived Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin films. Among them,…
The success of density functional theory for the description of the adsorption of atoms on surfaces is well established, and based on recent calculations using gradient corrections, it has been shown that it also describes well the dissociative adsorption of molecules at surfaces - admittedly however, the data base fo…
This work extends the results of previous workers on the influence of drawing on the crystallinity of PEEK and PEK to test temperatures well above Tg and to strain rates up to 103 s−1. The study thus includes measurement of crystallinity in samples tested in the strain rate regime where large increases in flow stress…
Article Mechanism of Enhanced Superplasticity in Thermomechanically Processed Ti-6Al-4V / Mechanismen der Superplastizität in thermomechanisch behandelten Ti-6Al-4V-Legierungen was published on March 1, 1996 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 87, issue 3).
Explains corrosion protection and how it works. Discusses the effect of environmental legislation on corrosion protective paints, which necessitates the removal of solvents and toxic additives, making the protection weaker. In order to remedy this one must determine how protection is provided, which involves the separ…