Materials Literature
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The electron spin resonance (ESR) technique has been used for the detection and the study of paramagnetic defects in various low-k dielectrics. Whereas the studied organic polymers (SiLK(R), FLARE(R)) exhibit an ESR response as previously reported, no defects could be detected in the silicon based organo-mineral mater…
This study identified a quadratic energy loss process in europium-doped strontium thiogallate using luminescent decay time analysis. The role of activator–activator cross relaxation in producing the nonlinearity in the luminescent efficiency for SrGa2S4:Eu was assessed. Ground-state depletion did not contribute to the…
Copper alloys have been used for many centuries for their ease of fabrication, and corrosion resistance. In marine applications, copper and some copper alloys also have the property of possessing a high resistance to the attachment and growth of marine organisms that foul most other materials exposed to the ocean. The…
Experiments were conducted to measure the space charge profiles in XLPE containing anti-oxidants to examine the origin of heterocharge creation. Negative heterocharge in the vicinity of positive electrode in XLPE containing PDP (Peroxide Decomposition Products) was discoverd to be greatly influenced by the kind of ant…
Partial discharge (PD) occurrence and change of pattern were measured and simultaneously the space charge accumulation was measured under AC voltage using modified Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) method at the same measuring system. In order to investigate the space charge effect in PD as phase angle varied, space charg…
This paper deals with free-conducting particle motion and particle-triggered breakdown mechanism in AC and DC electric fields between nonparallel plane electrodes. Particle motion is divided into several modes, and particle-triggered breakdown mechanisms are discussed for each motion mode theoretically and experimenta…
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are unique solid state components that can be used as a cooling device when supplied with electric power. These coolers can be built in many configurations for unusual applications where parasitic thermal energy must be managed. Such an application is in secondary (rechargeable) batter…
Metal interconnect and barrier characterization are challenged by reduced feature sizes, advanced materials, and new technologies. Microstructure characterization of new materials is done for thin films deposited on flat substrates and for on-chip interconnect structures. In this paper, both Al and Cu metallizations a…
Electro-optic modulation using single-crystal film of an organic molecular salt with light propagating perpendicular to the film (transverse configuration) has been recently reported. In this letter, we report results of measurements at high speed (up to 1.5 GHz) using such films in the same configuration. Excellent s…
Discussing the various methods for SF/sub 6/ separation from SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ mixtures, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with a suitable kind of synthetic zeolite, which is expected molecular sieving effect derived from molecular size difference between SF/sub 6/ and N/sub 2/, has been selected. This molecular sievin…
The advancing technology of thin, lightweight, and high power ultracapacitor has been one of the most exciting and important developments in electronic components. The technology provides a new dimension for engineers and designers to manage the power and energy used in electronic products. The batteries will not have…
For an extensive understanding of the pollution flashover mechanism on hydrophobic surfaces, a series of experiments were designed to investigate the relationship between hydrophobicity, pollution severity and pollution withstand property of polymer insulators. Rain tests with the conductivity 100 /spl mu/S/cm to 1000…
Water treeing depends on many parameters, especially frequency. We have reviewed the literature for water trees grown in polyethylene soaked at room temperature in distilled water and various NaCl solutions. All existing data obtained with water needle electrodes (Ascraft cells) obey one single relationship between wa…
A new compound [CuHLCl]n, where H2L is the product of the condensation reaction between 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid and hydroxylamine, has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The copper(II) atom is in an O3NCl coordination environment and the helical chains of the complex are formed by square-pyramid…
This paper handles the experience with the ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection for GIS. After a short description of a typical PD monitoring system the Cigre sensitivity verification for the UHF method is explained. Examples of PD events from on-site testing and service monitoring are given and…
A phenomenological model to estimate life of insulation systems subjected to DC stress with or without polarity inversions is presented. The model is obtained applying Miner's law to life deriving from the decomposition of the supply stress in a DC voltage plus impulse voltages. The latter accounts for accelerated agi…
The increased diffusion of power-electronic drives in electrical plants and networks is worsening the quality of energy supply, particularly voltage-waveform distortion. The harmonic content of voltage and current has been shown to contribute to accelerated degradation of insulation systems and, thus, to premature fai…
Porcelain suspension insulators are widely used in the power system to provide electrical insulation and mechanical support for high voltage transmission lines. To detect and replace the faulty insulators on power transmission lines is of great importance for safe operation of the power system. The utilities detect th…
Results of conduction current measurements on Polycarbonate samples which underwent simultaneous electrical and thermal aging are reported. By recording the conduction current for different values of the electric field strength a transition from ohmic to high field conduction was observed. Such a characteristic change…
A family of nitroxide biradicals was synthesized for the purpose of creating terminal groups with high relaxivity for linkage to dendrimers for use as targeted MR contrast agents for articular cartilage. The structure of the nitroxide biradicals strongly influenced their MR relaxivities. The addition of a carbon atom…