Materials Literature
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HCCI combustion is highly dependent on in-cylinder thermal conditions favorable to auto-ignition, for a given fuel. Fuels available at the pump can differ considerably in composition and auto-ignition chemistry, hence strategies intended to bring HCCI to market must account for the fuel variability. To this end, a tes…
Porphyrin ohne N: Bilin-Analoga und verwandte aromatische Dicarbaporphyrinoide wurden ausgehend von Bis(3-indenyl)methan hergestellt. Obwohl alle vier Pyrrolringe des Porphyrinmakrocyclus ersetzt wurden (durch je zwei Furan- und Inden-Einheiten), präsentiert das System Porphyrin-ähnliche UV/Vis-Spektren und hoch diatr…
Vom Tropfen zur „Kugel“: Eine Plattformtechnologie ermöglicht die schnelle und kontinuierliche Synthese mesoporöser Partikel (siehe Bild) aus Metallen und Metalllegierungen. Das Wachstum von Nanokristallen in Aerosoltröpfchen liefert diese Partikel mit definierter Zusammensetzung.
A health grade system against mechanical faults of power transformers has been little investigated compared to those for chemical and electrical faults. This paper thus presents a statistical health grade system against mechanical faults in power transformers used in nuclear power plant sites where the mechanical join…
Multistable molecular materials address fundamental questions in the solid state and promise application in a range of molecular devices. In their Communication on page 10154 ff. C. J. Kepert and co-workers present a metal–organic framework that exhibits a unique hysteretic three-step spin-crossover transition. The tr…
Previous research indicates that the low temperature combustion (LTC) is capable of producing ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions. The LTC in diesel engines can be enabled by the heavy use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at moderate engine loads. However, when operating at higher engine loads, elevat…
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective engine internal measure to reduce NOx emissions. This is e.g. constituted by the fact that the NOx limit of the current European on-road emission regulation EURO V can be met exclusively by the application of EGR (an overview on emissions regulations is e.g. given in [1]…
Interest is growing in the benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In this paper we investigate a novel approach to the development of a homogenous charge like environment through the use of porous media. The primary purpose of the media is to enhance the spread of the high pressure fuel spray. In…
Hydrophobically modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were encapsulated within the membrane of poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) (PTMC-b-PGA) block copolymer vesicles using a nanoprecipitation process. This formulation method provides a high loading of MNPs (up to 70 wt %) together with a good cont…
In this study, an ablation, mechanical and thermal properties of a rocket motor insulation from phenolic/ fiber matrix composites forming a laminate with different fiber between fiberglass and locally available synthetic fibers. The phenolic/ fiber matrix composites was mechanics and thermal properties by means of ten…
Abstract Iron chelators, through their capacity to modulate the iron concentration in cells, are promising molecules for cancer chemotherapy. Chelators with high lipophilicity easily enter into cells and deplete the iron intracellular pool. Consequently, iron‐dependent enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase, which…
For the first time in the locomotive industry, an advanced exhaust aftertreatment system for a locomotive application was successfully demonstrated to reduce nitrogen oxides from 6.46 g/kW·hr to 1.21g/kWhr to meet the needs of local NOx reduction requirements for non-attainment areas. Five 2,240 kW (3,005 horsepower)…
The separate effects on heat transfer of 1) piston crown surface finish and 2) the use of a metal based thermal barrier coating (MTBC) on the piston crown of a spark ignition (SI) engine were quantified through experimental analysis in a single cylinder CFR engine. Measured engine parameters such as power, fuel consum…
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion makes use of in-cylinder blending of two fuels with differing reactivity to tailor the reactivity of the fuel charge for improved control of the combustion process. This approach has been shown in simulations and engine experiments to have the potential for…
Background. An important step in the analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the brain is the definition of regions of interest (ROI). Image coregistration, ROI analysis, and quantification of brain PET data in small animals can be observer dependent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the…
Gaseous fuels are good alternative fuels to improve the energy crisis of today’s situation due to its clean burning characteristics. However, the incidence of backfire and knock remains a significant barrier in commercialization. With the invention of latest technology, the above barriers are eliminated. One such tech…
High-Pressure Direct-Injection (HPDI) combustion of Natural Gas can reduce the gaseous and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions compared to a conventional diesel engine. Upcoming EPA and EURO emission limits may restrict particle number as well as particle mass. In preparation for these upcoming limits, the PM mass, size…
Cold shock proteins (CSPs) are nucleic acid binding chaperones, first described as being induced to solve the problem of mRNA stabilization after temperature downshift. Caulobacter crescentus has four CSPs: CspA and CspB, which are cold induced, and CspC and CspD, which are induced only in stationary phase. In this wo…
A skeletal mechanism with 117 species and 472 reactions for a Diesel surrogate i.e., n-heptane, was developed. The detailed mechanism for n-heptane created by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was employed as the starting mechanism. The detailed mechanism was then reduced with an enhancement of the Direct…
Experiments were performed to investigate injection strategies for improving engine-out emissions of RCCI combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Previous studies of RCCI combustion using port-injected low-reactivity fuel (e.g., gasoline or iso-octane) and direct-injected high-reactivity fuel (e.g., diesel or n-hept…