Materials Literature
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We now report photoinduced sulfur desorption from the surfaces of Au nanoparticles loaded on metal oxides. This reaction occurs in water at ordinary temperature and pressure. Nanometer-sized Au particles have been formed on the surfaces of various metal oxides by deposition-precipitation (Au/oxides). Elemental sulfur…
Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized by the flow-levitation method and coated with carbon-and-hydrogen films through the hollow-cathode glow discharge. The uncoated and coated Cu nanoparticles have been analysed by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption. Their size, dispersi…
Biologically-inspired peptide sequences have been explored as auxiliaries to mediate self-assembly of synthetic macromolecules into hierarchically organized solution and solid state nanostructures. Peptide sequences inspired by the coiled coil motif and "switch" peptides, which can adopt both amphiphilic alpha-helical…
CdS nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via a simple solvothermal approach using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) both as medium and sulfur source. The dependences of size and morphology of CdS nanoparticles on the reaction duration, Cd 2+ concentration, and medium were investi…
Progress in the development of generic molecular devices based on responsive polymers is discussed. Characterisation of specially synthesised polyelectrolyte gels, "grafted from" brushes and triblock copolymers is reported. A Landolt pH-oscillator, based on bromate/ sulfite/ferrocyanide, with a room temperature period…
Surface tension effects on the behavior of a pure vapor cavity or a cavity containing some noncondensible contents, which is growing, collapsing, and rebounding axisymmetrically near a rigid wall, are investigated numerically by the boundary integral method for different values of dimensionless stand-off parameter gam…
A method is presented for patterning polymers with nanoscale gold networks and using the pattern to measure strain in the polymer. A gold film is first coated on a porous alumina template. After coating, the template is impressed into a polymer, and the template is dissolved to leave a continuous metal network on or s…
Shear-induced smectic ordering and crystallisation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has been studied with in-situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Shear-induced smectic bundles with a periodicity of about 4 nm have been observed at temperatures below as well as above the melting point. This applies to iPP of di…
Textured silicon solar cells have been generally studied in the geometrical optics approximation. This description predicts no dependence of reflectance or other optical properties on the size of the texture pyramids. In this work textures are represented as two-dimensional periodic diffraction gratings and their opti…
Ordered nanoporous plastics with hydrophilic pore surfaces were prepared by the degradative removal of polylactide from a self-organised, multi-component composite containing two block copolymers: polystyrene-polylactide and polystyrene-polyethylene oxide. The solid-state characterization of blends containing up to 12…
Classical molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of edge dislocations with precipitates in α-iron are performed. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is determined for various morphologies of precipitates: pure copper and nickel precipitates, ordered and unordered copper/nickel precipitates, copper and…
Comparative studies on the voltammetric reduction of the alpha and gamma isomers of Dawson [S(2)W(18)O(62)](4)(-) and alpha, beta, and gamma forms of Keggin [SiW(12)O(40)](4)(-) polyoxometalate anions have been undertaken. For the six reversible one-electron [S(2)W(18)O(62)](4)(-)(/5)(-)(/6)(-)(/7)(-)(/8)(-)(/9)(-)(/1…
The band gap of half-metallic ferromagnets can be affected by the spin–orbit coupling, which introduces there a small, but non-vanishing, density of states. We study this effect in the case of Heusler alloys. We find that, as a rule, the spin polarization in the middle of the gap decreases for compounds of heavier ele…
With the development of new types of liquid crystal displays and the use of liquid crystals as organic semiconductors, homeotropic alignment layers have become more and more important. Liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) brushes have been suggested as an alignment layer and are expected to have more interaction with the…
The structure of two Thermotoga maritima proteins, a conserved hypothetical protein (TM0160) and a transcriptional regulator (TM1171), have now been determined at 1.9 A and 2.3 A resolution, respectively, as part of a large-scale structural genomics project. Our first efforts to crystallize full-length versions of the…
Using density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the adsorption and diffusion of oxygen species on the reduced ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ surface. We have found that molecular ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ strongly binds not only to O vacancies, but also to $\mathrm{Ti}(5c)$ neighbors, due to delocalization of u…
pH dependent self-association has been observed in a series of DO3A-derived lanthanide complexes bearing a carboxylate group that can act as a bridging ligand at high pH, switching on the luminescence from the lanthanide.
In previous research, it was found that melamine-formaldehyde resin can be used as a binder for a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus flame retarding agent (FR) on cotton. The role that trimethylol melamine (TMM) plays in this flame retarding system was studied. When TMM is applied to cotton, it forms crosslinks betwe…
Surfactant-stabilized polystyrene (PS) latex particles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 155 nm were prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride as a cationic radical initiator. Seeded aqueous emulsion copolymerizations of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) a…
Reorganization of semicrystalline polymers on heating is a fast process. For poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) heating rates of several thousand Kelvin per second are needed to prevent reorganization of unstable crystals. Utilizing a thin film vacuum gauge as a fast calorimeter we are able to extend the scanning rate…