Materials Literature
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Abstract Direct experimental proof is presented that crosslinking of macromolecules during the thermal degradation of PVC proceeds with participation of blocks of conjugated double bonds formed upon activation by carbonylallyl groups.
Summary The behavior of rare earth elements (REE) as chemical analogues for actinides during glass corrosion was studied with static long-term batch experiments (7.5 years) at 190 °C. Corrosion tests were carried out using a simulated inactive high level waste (HLW) glass powder. Two different highly concentrated salt…
Based on the results of pH and chemographic measurements, it is shown for the first time that the oxidation of porous silicon in aqueous media is accompanied by the liberation of hydrogen in the ionic and atomic forms.
Binary tellurite glass systems of the forms TeO2(100−x)-xAnOm where AnOm = La2O3 or V2O5 and x = 5 to 20 for La2O3 and 10 to 50 for V2O5 were prepared. UV-spectra of these glasses were recorded in the range of 200–700 nm at room temperature. The optical energy gaps Eoptical and have been calculated from the optical ab…
A series of high nitrogen 0·2 wt-%C steels was melted to evaluate the effects of composition and processing on the isochronal austenite grain coarsening resistance of cold forged compression specimens during simulated carburising. Steels containing aluminium or combinations of aluminium and vanadium exhibit good grain…
Hot dipping and diffusion annealing is an alternative production process to obtain steel with high silicon contents while avoiding rolling problems. Surface alloying with Si and Al is achieved on a low-Si steel substrate (/spl ap/ 3%Si) by hot dipping in a hypereutectic Al-27%Si molten bath. To obtain a sufficient amo…
The amplitude-independent dislocation absorption (internal friction) is investigated under the joint action of constant and random external forces on the dislocation. The action of random forces of different types are considered with due regard for the inertial properties of the dislocation and the effect of the inter…
During the lateral grain-growth process in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films by selectively nucleated lateral crystallization using PZT seed, it was found that the lateral growth was saturated with the annealing temperature. The saturation of lateral growth was analyzed by the interface energy, which appeared d…
The microstructure of silicon nitride containing different percentages of β‐seeds was investigated. The average grain size and volume fraction of large grains increased with the incorporation of β‐seeds. The length and aspect ratio of large grains in sintered Si 3 N 4 initially increased by incorporating β‐seeds, and…
Abstract Capillary rheometry allows monitoring of PVC thermal and shear stress degradations separately. Based on testing of PVC compounds with a capillary rheometer, stabilizers can be efficiently optimized to reduce both degradation processes. Capillary rheometry is an important tool for further improving productivit…
To meet the increased demand of porosity evaluation of low-k materials, the ultra-high-sensitive Kr gas adsorption technique was developed. A homemade differential-type adsorption apparatus enables us to detect Kr adsorption as small as 2 μg. This corresponds to the sensitivity improvement by four orders of magnitude…
An industrial design of a pulsed field magnetometer (PFM) which generates in a bore of 30 mm a maximum field of 5 tesla with two different pulse durations (40 and 57 ms) is described. The field is calibrated using a small pickup coil where the effective winding area is known from a nuclear magnetic resonance calibrati…
The first achiral bent-core banana-shaped bidentate ligands and their Cu(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and investigated for mesomorphic behaviour. The bidentate ligands exhibit only one enantiotropic mesophase. The ligand having C6 -alkoxy chains shows a mesophase that has been assigned as a two…
Abstract World consumption of PVC was around 25 MM MT (55 billion pounds) in year 2001, second only to that of low density polyethylene. Only 10% of the PVC produced is classified as specialty PVC resins, while the other 90% is referred to as general purpose (GP) commodity resins. This paper tries to define what speci…
The deformation behavior of a macroporous silicon wafer subjected to high-temperature oxidation has been studied, and the basic parameters describing the sample bending and subsequent stress relaxation when oxide is removed are determined. X-ray diffractometry and topography were used to determine the sample bending r…
Subsolidus phase relations have been determined in the CdO–InO 1.5 –SnO 2 system at 1175°C. A cubic‐bixbyite solution In 2−2 x (Cd,Sn) 2 x O 3 (0 < x < 0.34), a cubic spinel solution (1− x )CdIn 2 O 4 – x Cd 2 SnO 4 (0 < x < 0.75), and an orthorhombic‐perovskite solution Cd 1− x Sn 1− x In 2 x O 3 (0 <…
Abstract The effects of zinc surfactant (ZB) on the TESPT (bis(triethoxy-silylpropyl)tetrasulfide)-silica mixture in NR (isoprene rubber) and S-SBR (solution butadiene-co-styrene rubber) were investigated, and their processability, dynamic, mechanical, heat build-up, blowout properties, and silica dispersion character…
Abstract The growth of the science and technology of plastics leads to the development of new materials with more desirable properties. Such kinds of materials include polyurethanes with isocyanurate structural units combining the properties of great strength and high temperature stability. Most of them are produced a…
A model for the dynamics of spherical bubble growth in a quiescent viscous liquid is presented. The gas inside the bubble is a van der Waals fluid, and the viscous liquid outside the bubble is a Flory–Hugins solvent–polymer solution. The growth of the bubble in the viscous liquid is assumed to be controlled by momentu…
We study the effects of surface reconstruction on the absorption spectra and optical gaps of hydrogen-terminated silicon clusters. The spectra and gaps are computed using an ab initio method based on the linear response theory within the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA). Our calculations show that th…