Materials Literature
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Abstract The review article gives historical insight to the developments in this area and where future activities should focus on as the industry moves forward with high temperature materials in a few select applications. Processing of the latest generation of partially fluorinated polyimides has improved significantl…
Abstract Carbon fibers have been widely used in fibre‐reinforced composites where strength‐to‐weight ratio is of upmost importance. In this article, a brief discussion of the production of PAN‐based carbon fibers is presented. The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of carbon fibers is discussed.…
Abstract The intention of the present article is to provide an overview of up‐to‐date understanding of matrix‐controlled failure modes. This subject covers distinct themes including failure criteria, micromechanics analysis, and theory of fracture mechanics. The effect of environmental conditions, rate dependency, del…
Abstract In this article, cost is defined and various components of cost to manufacture composite material products are presented. These components include material cost, labor cost, and tooling and capital cost. Factors constituting these components of cost are discussed in detail. Various costing methods being used…
Abstract This article aims primarily at providing basic understanding about the vibrational damping characteristics of polymer composite materials. The materials being looked at are continuous and discontinuous‐fiber‐reinforced, two‐phase as well as three‐phase; randomly oriented short‐fiber reinforced; laminated fibe…
Abstract Many production methods of fabrication processes are available to the Aeronautics Design Engineer and are presented in this review. Each process is described in some detail to identify a concept, function, and advantages. The objective is to balance between maximizing mechanical properties and minimizing the…
Abstract 1,3‐Butadiene, CH 2 CHCHCH 2 , can be converted to a wide variety of polymeric materials such as noncrystallizing rubbers, highly crystalline plastics, liquid, castable resins, and so on. The variety of polybutadiene products arises from two sources: differences in molecular weight and differences in micros…
Abstract Monocomponent cellulose‐based composite materials known asall‐cellulose composites(ACCs) have emerged as an exciting class of ultrahigh strength biocomposite materials. In principle, ACCs have the potential to overcome the problem of fiber‐matrix incompatibility through the use of chemically similar component…
Abstract The article discusses the biomimetic approach for composite materials that can be applied in different industrial areas such as biomedical, aerospace, automotive, electronic, textile, and so on. The main font of inspiration to gain principles of biomimetic design, high performances, and multifunctional materi…
Abstract The historical evolution of the use of composite materials in actual aerospace vehicles is presented. The work emphasizes the application of composite structures in moderately to heavily loaded aerospace vehicles. Applications of composite materials are reviewed for large commercial transport aircraft, genera…
Abstract New methods are proposed for synthesizing metal nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. In a first method, these nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal vacuum evaporation of silver onto the surface of a viscous‐fluid epoxy resin (at a viscosity of 20–120 Pa s) at room temperature, which is well below the glass‐t…
Abstract Some composites are mainly used for their particular properties such as electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. This article covers the current and prospective applications of polymer composites as optical materials. In particular, the first section of this article discusses optical properties of polyme…
Abstract Bone is a composite material that combines both organic and inorganic phases into a complex structure with extraordinary mechanical properties. Numerous synthetic systems have been developed and are under investigation to create composites for the fabrication of both fixation devices and templates for the rep…
Abstract Human movement depends on the muscloskeletal system. Three major structural elements in the skeleton, namely, bones, tendons, and ligament, are all composite materials and are of biological origin. In this chapter, the behavior of tendon and ligament is considered, materials are composites at multiple levels,…
We confirm with high-resolution techniques the existence of mineral bridges between superposed nacre tablets. In the towered nacre of both gastropods and the cephalopod Nautilus there are large bridges aligned along the tower axes, corresponding to gaps (150-200 nm) in the interlamellar membranes. Gaps are produced by…
Abstract High performance interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) technology covers different kinds of important IPNs used in industrial coatings, aerospace, and adhesive application. The importance of sequential IPN, simultaneous IPN, thermoplastic IPN, latex IPN (LIPN), and gradient IPN is reviewed with their synthes…
Abstract A review of novel technologies for manufacturing composites involving liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) is presented. In particular, this review provides a classification scheme of various types of LCPs, with a special emphasis paid to the history, key approaches, milestones in developments of thermotropic L…
Abstract Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) that exhibit high specific strength, high stiffness, and low coefficient of thermal expansion are widely used in spacecraft as structural materials and other components. The composites are therefore exposed to the harsh space environment which varies with the spacecraft's orbi…
Abstract The article is an update to the original review on this subject written by Lustiger (Lustiger 1992) in the first edition of the Encyclopedia of Composites that was published in 1992. The fundamentals of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crystallization behavior are discussed and how the resulting morphology is infl…
Abstract This review presents the major achievements on the thermophysical and thermal expansion properties of composite systems. The thermal behavior of composite materials depends on several factors: components, shape, concentration, dispersion of fillers, interactions between particles and matrix, manufacturing pro…