Materials Literature
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The ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system is known to exhibit charge ordering for a much broader range of x than the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system. However, the properties of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm…
The electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and electronic thermal conductivity of simple (isotropic) metals are studied in a uniform way. Starting from results of a variational solution of the Boltzmann equation, a generalized Matthiessen rule is used in order to superpose the inelastic (or not) electron-phonon…
Nanotubular materials inspired by crystalline diborides such as AlB_2 are proposed. The atomic structure, in particular the basic chemical question of where to put Al atoms in order to stabilize nanotubular Al-B systems, is investigated using density-functional calculations for prototype systems. The optimized tubular…
A first-principle theory for the effective dielectric permittivity in metallic mesostructures is developed. This theory, in particular, takes into account the skin effect, which is important in practical applications of metal structures.
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, ASMT has developed a process of making monolithic metal oxide thin-wall structures from mechanically assembled metal preforms, whose shape and internal configuration are retained in the (oxidation) process. Because metallic designs can be extremely diverse, the same vari…
This paper describes the third generation of the partial zero emission vehicle (P-ZEV) technology originally adopted on the Nissan Sentra CA sold in California. The 2000 Nissan Sentra CA became the world's first gasoline-fueled car to qualify for P-ZEV credits from the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The third-…
Two effects of rich-spike duration on NOx-storing have been analyzed. The first one, that NOx-storing speed decreases as rich-spike duration increases, is explained as the influence of NOx diffusion in wash-coat layer, which is quantified by a simple mathematical expression for NOx-storing rate. The second one, a pecu…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent developments in design of composite armor for lightweight ground vehicle applications is discussed. Composite integral armor (CIA) is a multi-functional hybrid material system that has been successfully demonstrated in the Composite Armored Vehicle. A typical CIA hull consi…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Strict legislation standards for automotive emission limits (e.g. ULEV, SULEV), which target for HC conversion rates beyond 99 %, impose the necessity to dramatically shorten catalyst Light-Off time and increase catalytic efficiency through improved catalytic converter heat-up. Es…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">NOx adsorber has already been used for the after-treatment system of series production vehicle installed with a lean burn or direct injection engine [<span class="xref">1</span>,<span class="xref">2</span>,<span class="xref">3</span>]. In order…
In view of practical handling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), here we present cutting procedures and spontaneous ordering of SWNTs deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Purified SWNTs were cut by ultrasonication in H2SO4/HNO3 mixture and further in de-ionized water. Thus, prepared short SW…
We report torque magnetization measurements in regions of the mixed state phase diagram ( $\mathbf{B}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{o}{\mathbf{H}}_{c2}$ and ${T}_{c}{/10}^{3}$) of the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{ET}{)}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{NCS}{)}_{2}$, where quantum fluct…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Though very important for the system performance, the dynamic behavior of the catalytic converter has mainly been neglected in the design of exhaust emission control systems. Since the major dynamic effects stem from the oxygen storage capabilities of the catalytic converter, a no…
A metastable state, characterized by a low degree of mass localization, is identified using density-functional theory (DFT). This free energy minimum, located through the proper evaluation of competing terms in the free energy functional, is independent of the specific form of the DFT used. Computer simulation results…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate trap regeneration is a complex process involving the interaction of phenomena at several scales. A hierarchy of models for the relevant physicochemical processes at the different scales of the problem (porous wall, filter channel, entire trap) is employed to obt…
An ultrafast optical response is studied in a quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complex [Pt(en)(2)] [Pt(en)2I2] (ClO4)(4) with ultrafast time resolution. Wave packet motions both in the ground and self-trapped exciton (STE) states are observed as oscillatory modulations in the time-resolved ref…
We describe a method for producing arrays of atomically flat mesa structures on Si(111) through the deposition of Si on a lithographically patterned substrate in the temperature range 750–850 °C. The Si source was a supersonic beam of Si2H6. With an appropriate choice of substrate temperature and deposition rate, the…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cordierite has been the cost-effective material of choice for diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for heavy duty vehicles due to its combination of excellent thermal shock resistance, filtration efficiency, and durability under most operating conditions. However, it has been observe…
The electrical properties of amorphous carbon are governed by the high localization of the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}\ensuremath{\pi}$ states, and conventional methods of altering the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ content result in macroscopic graphitization. By using ion beams we have achieved a delocalization of the \ensuremath{\pi}…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Blending pyrolitic oil (or Waste Plastic Disposal) produced from household and industrial plastic wastes with Marine Heavy Fuel Oil (C.Oil) reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil significantly. The experimental results indicated that, the WPD mixing ratio of 20 vol.% reduces the e…