Materials Literature
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Estimating the environmental exposure to manufactured nanomaterials is part of risk assessment. Because nanoparticles aggregate with each other (homoaggregation) and with other particles (heteroaggregation), the main route of the removal of most nanoparticles from water is aggregation, followed by sedimentation. The a…
Direct imaging of nanoparticle solutions by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy has enabled unique in situ studies of nanoparticle motion and growth. In the present work, we report on real-time formation of two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays in the very low diffusive limit, where nanoparticles are mainly dr…
We present detailed studies of the relationship between ionic conductivity and segmental relaxation in polymer electrolytes. The analysis shows that the ionic conductivity can be decoupled from segmental dynamics and the strength of the decoupling correlates with the fragility but not with the glass transition tempera…
We show that light drives large-amplitude structural changes in thin films of the prototypical ferroelectric PbTiO3 via direct coupling to its intrinsic photovoltaic response. Using time-resolved x-ray scattering to visualize atomic displacements on femtosecond time scales, photoinduced changes in the unit-cell tetrag…
Most glass-forming systems are composed of basic units interacting with each other with a nontrivial anharmonic potential. Naturally, relaxation and diffusion in glass formers is a many-body problem. Results from recent experimental studies are presented to show the effects of many-body relaxation and diffusion manife…
The synthesis of high-purity bulk nanostructured cubic boron nitride (cBN) at 20 GPa and 1770 K by direct phase transformation of graphite-like BN with an "ideal random layer" structure is reported. The two-times increase of hardness of nano-cBN (H(V) = 85 GPa) with respect to conventional polycrystalline cBN (H(V) ∼…
Upconversion is an optical process that involves the conversion of lower-energy photons into higher-energy photons. It has been extensively studied since mid-1960s and widely applied in optical devices. Over the past decade, high-quality rare earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized wi…
One of the major open challenges in structural biology is to achieve effective descriptions of disordered states of proteins. This problem is difficult because these states are conformationally highly heterogeneous and cannot be represented as single structures, and therefore it is necessary to characterize their conf…
Carbon nanotubes have shown promise as regulators of seed germination and plant growth. Here, we demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the ability to enhance the growth of tobacco cell culture (55-64% increase over control) in a wide range of concentrations (5-500 μg/mL). Activated carbon (AC) st…
There has been considerable interest recently in microgravity physics and the effects of gravitation on crystal growth, alloy solidification, and other processes in space manufacturing. Regel' [1] has provided an extensive but not exhaustive bibliography on micro gravity physics and materials science in space, in whic…
Chemical disinfection of industrial facilities in food bioprocessing is a major consumer of biocides and represents an essential technological issue. Due to this requirement, the metallic surfaces of the equipments used in bioprocessing inevitably interact with electrolyte environments that are exposed to washing and…
借助不同加热速率（β）的非等温DSC曲线离开基线的初始温度（T0）、onset温度（Te）和峰顶温度（Tp）,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法求得热分解反应表观活化能（EK和EO）和指前因子（AK）,Hu-Zhao-Gao方程求得be0（or p0）,Zhao-Hu-Gao方程求得ae0（or p0）,微热量法确定的比热容（Cp）,以及密度（ρ）、热导率（λ）和分解热（Qd,取爆热之半）数据;根据Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li公式、Hu-Yang-Liang-Xie公式、Hu-Zhao-Gao公式、Zhao-Hu-Gao公式、热力学关系式、Smith方程、Friedman公式、Bruckman-Guillet公式、Frank…
Engineered heart tissue (EHT) is a potential therapy for heart failure and the basis of functional in vitro assays of novel cardiovascular treatments. Self-organizing EHT can be generated in fiber form, which makes the assessment of contractile function convenient with a force transducer. Contractile function is a key…
Advances in Nuclear Fuel 2 presence of moderator in the core of these reactors fission neutrons are thermalised and thereby fission probability of U235 is increased by a large factor. Due to their even-even proton-neutron structure U238 nuclei can be fissioned only by fast neutrons. However, they can absorb slow neutr…
Nitriding of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) has been carried out at room temperature using a nitrogen neutral beam with kinetic energy of less than 100 eV. The surface hardness of nitrided samples increased to two times that of the untreated sample, when the acceleration voltage was between 30 and 50 V. The thickness…
Recently, liquid-phase discharge has attracted much attention as a new subject in the research field of reactive plasmas [1]. Liquid- phase laser ablation is another way for producing a plasma in liquid, but we believe that the plasma produced by liquid-phase laser ablation is significantly different from that produced b…
We investigate the plasmon resonance of a touching gold cylinder arrays surrounded with air or dielectric. We show that the plasmon resonance is tunable by modulating the cylinder radius, the cylinder layer and refractive index of the dielectric. It is found resonance peak blue-shifts and splits as the gold cylinder r…
A galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol 8000 as the precipitant. The crystals belonged to the tetragonal space group P4(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 73.3, c =…
DC magnetization measurements were used to determine the temperature dependencies of the magnetic properties for (90%wt)SmCo5 + (10%wt)Fe65Co35 nanocomposite powders synthesized by mechanical milling and subsequent annealing. The annealing conditions were T equal to 1073 K and time, t, equal to 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 min.…
The uniform aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a vital but challenging task required for their utilization in most technologies. We propose and demonstrate a technique based on forward- and side-scatter analysis on a flow cytometer to characterize the components in a dispersion of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT…