Materials Literature
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Summary 1. The European Union's Water Framework Directive requires all water bodies to achieve ‘good ecological status’ by 2015 and this paper describes a rationale for defining ‘good ecological status’ based on diatoms, a significant component of the biological quality element ‘macrophyte and phytobenthos’. 2. A data…
Abstract Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanospheres (CNS) were synthesized from sucrose solution using an arc discharge method without graphite electrodes. In this process, the nanocarbon products were formed from carbon atoms supplied by the sucrose in solution rather than from the gr…
Abstract The nitridation of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with ammonia was carried out by using a plug flow-type reactor. The degree of nitridation was dependent on the amount of NH3 supplied. Mesoporous silicon oxynitride containing 34 wt % of nitrogen could be prepared at 1273 K for 8 h, and the hexagonal mesoporous stru…
Abstract TTF-carboxylic acid 2 exhibits gelling ability for hexane and cyclohexane to form an orange fibrous material and shows solvatochromism both in solution and in the fiber formation to produce a reddish-purple fibrous material from acetonitrile. Moreover, the corresponding ester 1 forms yellow fibers from aceton…
Abstract We report a newly synthesized squaraine-based fluorescent dye (KSQ-2) with excellent and useful optical characteristics such as a sharp near-infrared (NIR) emission at 751 nm, an extremely high fluorescence quantum yield (φ=0.56 in cyclohexane), and linear positive solvatochromic properties in the spectral re…
We report a spectroscopic study of how nanocrystal shape influences exciton size. The effective exciton size in complex-shaped nanocrystals is examined by comparing exciton fine structure relaxation rates, measured by the ultrafast polarization transient grating method, to an extensive empirical calibration curve that…
In this paper, we report the facile synthesis of single-crystalline BaTiO 3 nanowires at low temperature (50 °C) in ethanol solution by using inorganic raw materials. The nanowires have a uniform diameter of 100 nm and a length up to 10 μm. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that it is the tetragonal phase of BaTiO…
Complex porous fluorescein microspheres with hierarchical superstructures and relievo-like complex fluorescein crystals can be easily generated by a recrystallization/reprecipitation method using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as structure directing agents at room temper…
This paper reports the preparation of Eu 3+:CaMoO 4 nanocrystals by the microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal method. The synthesized Eu 3+:CaMoO 4 nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, excitation, and emission spectra. The result show…
Flagella nanotubes present on the surface of E. coli bacteria were bioengineered to display arginine-lysine and glutamic acid-aspartic acid peptide loops. These protein bionanotubes were demonstrated to self-assemble, layer-by-layer, by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on gold-coated mica and quartz surfaces. Flagella wi…
Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates were prepared by a two-step aluminum anodic oxidation process. Nanowires, microspheres, and hexagonal nanoplates of PbO were successfully prepared by an improved sol–gel method combined with AAO templates. On the anodized external surface and the surface-dissolved barrier l…
Facile synthesis of nanometer-sized germania crystals and amorphous germania nanoparticles (ca. 1 nm) is investigated through hydrolysis of germanium tetraethoxide and subsequent condensation of germania in both pure water and aqueous lysine solutions. Germanium tetraethoxide rapidly hydrolyzes in pure water, leading…
The thermal stability of solutions of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) dissolved in dimethyl phthalate (DMP), in the presence of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) as contaminants, was studied. MEKPO is extensively employed in the chemical industries, but despite its large use several severe acciden…
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) inclusions are polymeric storage inclusions formed in some bacterial species when carbon levels are high but levels of another essential nutrient, such as nitrogen, are low. Though much is known about PHA synthesis, little is known about inclusion structure. In this study, atomic force micro…
We have successfully fabricated single-crystalline hollow NiO crystals with well-defined octahedral morphology. With detailed investigations by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, we propose a growth mechanism of the hollow octahedra.…
PolyHIPEs show great promise as tissue engineering scaffolds due to the tremendous control of pore size and interconnectivity afforded by this technique. Highly porous, fully biodegradable scaffolds were prepared by polymerization of the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing the macromer…
Self-assembly of symmetric diblock copolymers confined in spherical nanopores is studied using simulated annealing Monte Carlo simulations. The dependence of the self-assembled morphologies and chain conformations on the degree of confinement and the strength of the surface interactions is examined systematically. A r…
This paper reports the effects of the aspect ratio of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires on the performance of ZnO-nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). ZnO nanowire-structured photoanodes can improve the efficiency of the electron collection of DSSCs, but their performances significantly depend on the aspect rat…
Selective sensing of terahertz (THz) radiation by beryllium and silicon delta-doped GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is demonstrated. A sensitivity up to 0.3 V/W within 0.5{4.2 THz in silicon- and up to 1 V/W within 4.2-7.3 THz range in beryllium-doped MQWs at liquid helium temperatures is shown. The built-in e…
The Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the Kagomé lattice is studied in the framework of Schwinger-boson mean-field theory. Two solutions with different symmetries are presented. One solution gives a conventional quantum state with $\mathbf{q}=0$ order for all spin values. Another gives a gapped spin liquid state for spin…