Materials Literature
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A systematic investigation into the effect of surface chemistry on bacterial adhesion was carried out. In particular, a number of physicochemical factors important in defining the surface at the molecular level were assessed for their effect on the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphyloco…
Dark opaque blue to transmissive light blue is the color transition that poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) and derivatives undergo when switched from their reduced to oxidized state. These polymers are very promising electrochromic materials—they exhibit more rapid switching, lower oxidation potentials, and…
Macroscopic polarization plays a major role in determining the optical and electrical properties of nitride nanostructures via polarization-induced built-in electrostatic fields. While currently fashionable, this field of endeavour is still by far in its early infancy. Here we contribute some clarifications on the con…
Temperature-dependent Raman spectra of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ samples, referred to as ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ for convenience, were correlated to their structural and magnetic properties for different $\ensuremath{\delta}.$…
The electrochemical impedance of a mixed conductor with two charge carriers sandwiched between two equal electrodes is modeled phenomenologically. A simple analytical approximation is found which applies in a very broad materials parameter window (arbitrary carrier mobilities and concentrations) as long as linear resp…
The solubility of paracetamol (4-hydroxyacetanilide) in 26 solvents in the temperature range from −5 to +30 °C is reported. Paracetamol has a very low solubility in nonpolar and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as toluene and carbon tetrachloride whereas the solubility is very high in solvents of medium polarity such as…
Carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) need to be highly pure for use in various applications. A simple and efficient purification method is reported here to provide >98 % pure SWNTs (see Figure) in a three-step process involving dilute nitric acid reflux and oxidation in air. The method also provides an analytical te…
Efficient, pure red-emitting polymer light-emitting diodes have been prepared by doping blue-emitting conjugated polymers with europium β-diketonate complexes (see Figure). The pure red emission is required for full color displays, while the blends are also expected to be useful as emitters in photonic crystals due to…
Transparent sheets of epoxy resin reinforced with nylon-4,6 nanofibers are described. The 30–200 nm diameter fibers, obtained by electrospinning from formic acid solutions, are reported to provide significant improvement in strength and stiffness to the epoxy film. The Figure is a scanning electron microscopy image of…
We report a simple method for preparing polycrystalline ZnO thin films with good luminescent properties: the oxidization of metallic Zn films. In photoluminescence (PL) studies at room temperature for wavelengths between 370 and 675 nm, we have observed a single exciton peak around 390 nm without any deep-level emissi…
The magnetic phase diagrams of four ${L}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ series $(L=\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{m};$ $A=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})$ have been established combining neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, and magnetotransport measurements in order to understand…
We report the realization of p-type behavior in ZnO thin films, which are prepared by codoping method using Ga (donor) and N (acceptor) as the dopants. Especially, using active N formed by passing N 2 O gas through an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source is quite effective for the acceptor doping. We have…
▪ Abstract About two-thirds of primary energy today is used directly as transportation and heating fuels. Any discussion of energy-related issues, such as air pollution, global climate change, and energy supply security, raises the issue of future use of alternative fuels. Hydrogen offers large potential benefits in t…
We show that the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) observed in colossal magnetoresistance manganites is a manifestation of Berry phase effects caused by carrier hopping in a nontrivial spin background. We determine the magnitude and temperature dependence of the Berry phase contribution to the AHE, finding that it increases…
Nanocrystalline metals, i.e., metals in which the grain size is in the nanometer range, have a range of technologically interesting properties including increased hardness and yield strength. We present atomic-scale simulations of the plastic behavior of nanocrystalline copper. The simulations show that the main defor…
This paper reports interactions and possible incompatibilities in solid dispersions of hydrophobic drugs with hydrophilic carriers, with solubility parameters employed as a means of interpreting results. Systems containing ibuprofen (IB) and xylitol (XYL) in varying proportions and systems of IB with other sugars and…
Superhydrophobic surfaces are those with a water contact angle greater than 150°, and these are desired for various industrial products. Such surfaces have been achieved for boehmite and silica films, which were roughened by the sublimation of aluminum acetylacetonate during calcination. The Figure shows the shape of…
Diatoms are the most species-rich group of algae. They are ecologically widespread and have global significance in the carbon and silicon cycles, and are used increasingly in ecological monitoring, paleoecological reconstruction, and stratigraphic correlation. Despite this, the species taxonomy of diatoms is messy and…
The dependence of polyelectrolyte multilayer thickness on salt concentration, salt type, solvent quality, deposition time, and polymer concentration is evaluated. Polymers are deposited on spinning silicon wafers. For the strong polycation/polyanion pair studied, film thickness is approximately proportional to the num…
Methods of synthesis, molecular and electronic structures and electrophysical, optical and magnetic properties of ternary and quaternary chalcogenides based on copper, silver and gold are considered. The possibility of the synthesis of chalcogenide analogues of high-temperature superconductors is discussed. The prospe…