Materials Literature
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For many centuries, materials were discovered, mined, and processed in a largely serendipitous way. However, the characterization of the atom and the progress made in x-ray diffraction during the early years of this century started a quest for a theory of materials in terms of their atomic constituents. Later decades…
Raman scattering studies of lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr x Ti 1- x )O 3 (PZT), 0.10≤ x ≤0.80, and Nd-modified lead titanate Pb 1-3 y /2 Nd y TiO 3 (PNT), y =0.02, 0.10, bulk ceramics were carried out at ambient temperatures between 4.2 and 297 K. Our measurements reveal splitting of the E ⊕ B 1 symmetry peak at low t…
Aluminum extractability and solubility were investigated in detail in six horizons of a Typic Haplohumod (FAO: Haplic Podzol) from southern Switzerland. Pyrophosphate and oxalate extractions as well as successive acid leaching indicated that in the Ah, (AE), and Bh horizons reactive Al is mainly bound to soil organic…
Abstract Electrical conductivity and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior of carbon black (CB) filled incompatible polyblends of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/low density polyethylene (EVA/LDPE) were investigated. In comparison with single polymer systems, more possibilities for tailoring composite perfo…
To design Co‐free, low‐pressure, hydride‐forming compounds for application in rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries, nonstoichiometric AB x materials were investigated. The influence of both the Mn content and the degree of nonstoichiometry on the crystallography, electrochemical cycling stability, and electrode…
Three skeletal tissues of the adult echinoid Paracentrotus lividus (the pedicellaria primordium, the test, and the tooth) were immunolabeled with three sera raised against the total mineralization organic matrix and two specific matrix proteins (SM30 and SM50) from the embryo of the echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpura…
A theoretical study is made of the process by which an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal undergoes a field-induced transition to ferroelectric alignment. We find that for cells of moderate thickness the initial departure from antiferroelectric alignment occurs as a continuous Fréedericksz transition. The follow…
Recently developed magnetostrictive composites of a giant magnetostrictive alloy and an inactive matrix have opened up a promising territory for the application of materials with magnetic-mechanical coupling interactions. In this article an effective-medium method is developed for the effective magnetostrictive behavi…
The influence of the plasma pressure on the microstructure and on the mechanical and optical properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering was investigated. A modified version of the computer code TRIM 98.01 was employed to simulate the thermalization of the sputtered carbon atoms. In this…
In order to distinguish the dependence of electrical properties on thickness from that on grain size, the crystalline and electrical properties of epitaxial and polycrystalline Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films grown on SrRuO 3 (SRO)/SrTiO 3 (100) and SRO/SiO 2 /Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were i…
Wide-angle X-ray methods have been used to compare the structures of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with syndiotactic diad (S-diad) contents in the range 51−63%. The fiber diagram of a PVA with 51.2% S-diad content (essentially atactic) is indexed by a monoclinic unit cell with dimensions a = 7.82 ± 0.03 Å, b = 2.53 ± 0.01…
The tretrametallic [2 × 2] grid-type complexes 1–4 are formed by self-assembly of the bis(tridentate) ligands 5 and 6 with ZnII and CoII cations. They have been characterized by spectroscopic studies in solution as well as by crystal structure determination. The substituents in the central pyrimidine ring play an impo…
In view of the formulation changes induced by the use of alternative physical blowing agents, the understanding of the main parameters determining the dimensional stability performance was an important issue for the rigid laminate industry. So far, the influence of formulation and processing variables on dimensional s…
Dielectric properties were investigated for polyamides consisting of m -xylylenediamine and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with the number of carbon atoms from 6 to 11, over a frequency range of 25 Hz to 1 MHz, at temperatures from 200 to 400 K. The α relaxation with a relaxation strength of 60 to 80 was observed at tem…
Intense photostimulated luminescence (PSL) with a peak at about 600 nm is observed by stimulating UV irradiated SrS:Eu,Sm phosphor ceramics with 800-1700 nm light. The PSL intensity is increased linearly with increasing UV dose. The applicability of the SrS:Eu,Sm phosphor ceramics as a material for a UV solar dosemete…
Iron phosphate conversion coatings are used widely in the pretreatment industry to enhance paint adherence to metal substrates and therefore improve corrosion resistance. However, very limited nonproprietary literature describing the properties of iron phosphate coating is available, as compared to volumes dedicated t…
This paper is concerned with the prediction of goniophotometric curves (distribution curves of specularly reflected light) based on our mathematical model developed earlier for single-jersey knitted fabrics made from monofilament yarns. The theory is extended to include fabrics from multifilament yarns. Four physical…
We report dielectric breakdown experiments on electric-field-structured composites of high-dielectric-constant ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ particles in an epoxy resin. These experiments show a significant increase in the dielectric standoff strength perpendicular to the field structuring direction, relative to control samp…
To circumvent the high computational costs of modelling each lamination to compute the eddy current distribution in three dimensions in conducting laminations, a simple method has been developed. The laminar nature of the eddy currents due to the magnetic leakage field has been considered by applying an anisotropic co…
We have studied the effect of thickness on the structural, optical and electrical properties of In2O3:Sn (ITO) thin films. Two series of ITO thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by DC sputtering at two partial pressures of oxygen (ppo): 4 × 10−4 and 4.75 × 10−4 mbar. Each series consists of samples wit…