Defects and diffusion paths in perovskite-like structures ABO3+x
A new mechanism is proposed for the formation and the migration of planar defects in ABO3+x, perovskite-type compounds.
Materials Literature
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A Comparison of the Flaking Qualities of Nehawka Chert
In an attempt to provide objective measures of the changes induced in chert by heat treatment, ten pairs of preforms were made, and one of each pair was heat treated, using a probable aboriginal technique. Paired bifaces were then chipped from the preforms. Differences in the flaking qualities of the heated and the un…
Preparation of wood specimens for the scanning electron microscope
SUMMARY Techniques used by the authors for preparing wood samples for the scanning electron microscope are detailed. Topics covered include: procedures for cutting, cleaning, dehydrating, mounting and storage of the specimens.
Crystal structure, crystal forces, and charge distribution in salts of the tetrachlorozincate anion
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure, crystal forces, and charge distribution in salts of the tetrachlorozincate anionJohn A. McGinnetyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 5, 1057–1061Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974htt…
Dust Grains in a Hot Gas. Basic Physics
The interaction of graphite grains with a hot gas is investigated. Detailed computations, based on experimental data and simple theoretical models, are presented of the energy transfer by gas particle collisions and of the sputtering rates and grain lifetimes, as functions of gas temperature and grain radius. The elec…
Deformation twinning in silver-and copper-alloy crystals
Deformation twinning in f.o.c. crystals has been investigated by vising silver-and copper-alloy crystals, which were deformed in tension at temperatures down to 4·2°K. Problems mainly concerned are (1) the nucleation process with particular relation to cross-slip and (2) the suppression of the growth of twins in high-…
The nonlinear refractive index of glass
The general theory of the third-order electronic susceptibility has been specialized to some model systems in order to evaluate the associated nonlinear refractive index of solid materials. The results indicate oppositely signed terms of comparable magnitude, and it is found that the dominant positive contribution inv…
Filler Aggregates and Their Effect on Reinforcement
Abstract The most highly reinforcing fillers, namely carbon blacks and silicas, consist of aggregates of quasi-spherical particles fused together. In the absence of direct experimental studies with single-particle carbon blacks or silicas of high surface area, we cannot be sure if aggregated structure is essential for…
Plasma cleaning of metal surfaces
Mild plasma cleaning of metal surfaces was shown to be effective in removing organic contaminants. Auger electron spectroscopy and surface wettability measurements were used to evaluate the plasma cleaning procedure and to provide a comparison with conventional solvent cleaning methods.
Contribution to the equilibrium phase diagram of the Mn–Bi system near MnBi
The phase diagram of the Mn–Bi system near the compound MnBi was studied with single crystals in the as-grown and heat-treated states. The results show that the high-temperature phase of MnBi is in fact a separate compound with chemical formula Mn1.08Bi, when grown from a Bi-rich solution. It was found that the transf…
Mechanical Behavior of Foamed Materials Under Dynamic Compression
Dynamic compressive stress-strain data of several polymer foams obtained from uniaxial compressive tests over a wide range of loading rates are presented. For the tests with lower loading rates, an electro- hydraulically operated tester was used, while the higher rate test data were obtained by a gravity-operated drop…
Mössbauer study of several cobalt spinels usingCo57andFe57
The M\"ossbauer spectra produced by ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$-at.% ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ and 0.5-at.% ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ doped in the normal spinels ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and Zn${…
Effect of Alloying Additions on the Pitting Resistance of 18% Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel
Using temperature as a pitting criterion, the effects of Mo and other supplementary alloying additions on the pit initiation resistance of wholly austenitic stainless steel containing nominally 18% Cr have been evaluated. Quantitative results for Mo, Cu, Ni, Mn, N, and Si alloy additions are presented and empirical re…
Quantitative Analysis of Glass Structure with the Use of Infrared Reflection Spectra
It is predicted theoretically and justified experimentally that infrared reflectances are proportional to the concentrations of the vibrational species causing them. In the binary Li 2 O-, Na 2 O-, and K 2 O-SiO 2 glasses used in this study, the reflection peaks have been assigned to vibrations of single silicon-oxyge…
Raman spectra of glassy carbon
The Raman spectrum of glassy carbon has been measured. Two broad lines are observed at 1340 and 1590 cm−1. These results are consistent with the turbostratic structure, which has been suggested for glassy carbon, with a particle size La of approximately 30 Å.
Geometric sources of redundancy in intensity data and their use for phase determination
Linear equations are derived in direct space, which express the relation between the electron densities of crystals built from the same molecule, but with different lattices or several identical subunits in their asymmetric units. They are shown to be equivalent to the most general 'molecular-replacement' phase equati…
Molecular hyperpolarizabilities determined from conjugated and nonconjugated organic liquids
The magnitude and sign (positive) of the molecular hyperpolarizability γ has been determined for several mixtures of nitrobenzene and benzene. This has allowed the testing of the adequacy of Onsager's local field factors, which are found to be valid. By comparing γ of nitrobenzene with that of nitromethane, we find th…
Steady-state irradiation creep
A dislocation climb model of the low-temperature, steady-state, irradiation creep of non-fissile materials is presented. The predicted creep rate is a linear function of the applied stress and the irradiating flux and is independent of temperature.
Chain ordering in liquid crystals. I. Even-odd effect
In the liquid crystalline phases of many organic materials molecular end chains take part in the ordering process. For a single chain, this ordering is calculated by exact summation over all conformations of a chain in the molecular field due to the neighboring molecules. The nematic orientational ordering of a system…
Superparamagnetism and relaxation effects in granular Ni-SiO2and Ni-Al2O3films
The susceptibility of an array of fine nickel particles was measured as a function of temperature from 1.5 to 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at a frequency of 5 kHz. The particles were formed by cosputtering nickel with Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ or ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and varied in diameter betw…