Materials Literature
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The constant concentration (CC), constant flux (CF), flux continuity (FC), and hybrid of flux continuity and constant concentration (FCCC) boundary conditions for electrochemical hydrogen permeation through iron or steel samples are reviewed and used to evaluate the hydrogen diffusivity from the permeation tests on fu…
Two new techniques in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have recently been developed which provide previously unobtainable information on supported noble metal catalysts. Atomic X-ray absorption fine structure (AXAFS) provides direct information on the average changes in interatomic potential of the metal particles…
The EL technique is at least two orders of magnitude more sensitive than PD detection and can detect the initiation of polymeric ageing. It can also detect the conversion of a water tree to an electrical tree.
ABSTRACT This study used the approach taken by Bourne to obtain the compressive and shear components for an agar gel. But in addition, the low strain regime for the same experiments was used to evaluate the gel's elastic modulus using the theory of elasticity. Compression testing, using lubricated teflon platens and a…
We investigated the limits of applicability of the interference approximation (ITA), which is often used to calculate light fields in dispersive media with high particle concentrations. We analyzed the conditions under which the use of the ITA leads to an error in calculation of the dispersive-medium extinction coeffi…
Geopolymer apron cassava starch/BC/Fe3O4/glycerin has been synthesized for various amount of Fe3O4 (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) into cassava starch and black carbon (BC) solutions. The quantitative analysis from Fourier transforms infra-red (FTIR) was used to determine the optical properties, dielectric function, energy loss…
Aluminum is highly abundant in the Earth's crust where it is present in a wide variety of primary and secondary aluminosilicate minerals, amorphous phases, and aqueous solution species. The speciation and coordination of AI in many of these phases, particularly those that are X-ray amorphous or present as thin surface…
TiCl4 or titanium isopropoxide reacted with citric acid to form a titanyl citrate precipitate. Barium strontium citrate solutions were then added to the titanyl citrate reaction to form gels. These gels were dried and calcined to (Ba,Sr)TiO3 powders. The gels and powders were characterized by DSC/TGA, IR, SEM and XRD…
Pt I~u and Ln-edges XANES clarified the oxidation state of platinum catalysts supported on various metal oxides. The acidbase property seemed one of the most dominant factors to control the electron state of platinum. On the reduced samples, there was a tendency that acidic support reduced the 5d-electron density of p…
The temperature coefficient of the dielectric permittivity (τϵ) and resonant frequency (τf) of perovskites and related materials is important in the application of these ceramics to microwave filters and resonators. Recent work has directly related changes in τϵ, and therefore τf, to the onset of octahedral tilting in…
Changes in fabric structure as hygroscopic fibers swell at high humidities can have a large influence on the measured air permeability of fabrics such as cotton, wool, silk, and nylon. The variation of air permeability as a function of relative humidity is of practical importance in ranking and evaluating candidate te…
The contributions of transformation toughening and microcrack toughening in an 85Al 2 O 3 15ZrO 2 (vol%) composite were quantitatively evaluated. Three types of hot‐pressed samples with similar size (∼0.5 µm) and size distribution of ZrO 2 grains, but with different contents (vol%) of monoclinic‐ ( m ‐) ZrO 2 (0 (AZS)…
First-principles calculations based on the generalized gradient corrected density-functional theory reveal that iron tetraoxide $({\mathrm{FeO}}_{4}),$ in spite of its closed-shell structure, has an electron affinity that is larger than that of any known halogen atom. This novel property is shown to be a manifestation…
The complex dielectric permittivity of right-handed isooctyloxycyanobiphenyl (IOOCB) has been studied in the frequency range 10 -1 −10 5 Hz and over a wide temperature range. On cooling the isotropic liquid a supercooled liquid is formed that becomes a glass below 220 K. On heating the glass, the material crystallized…
The conductivity, electronic properties and morphology of polypyrrole and polyaniline films deposited from aqueous solutions of the polymerizing monomer differ greatly according to whether they are deposited on a hydrophobic or hydrophilic substrate surface. For each polymer the conductivity of the film deposited on a…
The rheology of concentrated, aggregated colloidal suspensions is determined through particulate simulations. Aggregating systems experience a large viscous enhancement over nonaggregating systems, this being due to the increase in the component of the viscosity arising from the repulsive colloid (thermodynamic) force…
Abstract A novel nematic liquid crystal display of in‐plane switching controlled by fringe‐field has been developed. The device exhibits wide viewing angle over 160° and high transmittance comparable to the twisted nematic TN cell, a solution for long standing problem of previous wide viewing angle technologies with l…
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) of 25% Cr-7% Ni-x% Mo-y% W-0.25% N (x = 1.5 to 3, and y = 0 to 3) were designed with the same pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) value of 42 by varying the contents of Mo and W. Effects of W on pitting and stress corrosion of the solution-annealed or aged alloys in chlorides were examine…
Abstract A black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizate was ambiently ground, then used as an additive to the original, uncured compound. Sheets of the resulting composite (matrix/ground rubber particulate) were cured, and tensile and trouser tear strength determined. The composite had reduced tensile stren…
The applications of advanced engineering materials in modern vacuum electronic devices are reviewed. Unique materials with desirable thermal, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties are playing a crucial role in raising the average power capability, bandwidth, and efficiency of microwave and millimeter wave am…