Materials Literature
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Abstract The design, manufacturing and characterization of warp knit textile structures with enhanced drapeability and energy absorption is reported in this paper. Four textile structures were produced, all based on a triangular or double arrowhead structure, which is known to lead to a negative Poisson's ratioν. Mech…
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) to useful chemical materials is of great significance to the virtuous cycle of CO(2). However, some problems such as high overpotential, high applied voltage, and high energy consumption exist in the course of the conventional electrochemical reduction process. This…
Abstract An N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) polymer supported silver nanoparticle catalyst system was developed. The novel nano‐composite catalyst demonstrated very high activity and excellent stability and reusability in the carboxylation of terminal alkynes with carbon dioxide at ambient conditions. The unique N‐hetero…
We investigate the role charge carrier mobility plays for loss mechanisms in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. For this purpose, we perform drift-diffusion calculations for several recombination models and properties of the contacts. We show that in case of selective contacts, higher mobilities increase device…
Nuclear singlet states may have lifetimes that are much longer than the conventional relaxation time of nuclear spin magnetization. This review covers how these states may be generated, observed, and exploited in solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Potential applications include the study of slow molecular proc…
Colloidal dispersions have been studied for decades as a result of their utility in numerous applications and as models for molecular and atomic condensed phases. More recently, a number of groups have exploited in such studies submicrometer-sized hydrogel particles (microgels) that have environmentally tunable sizes.…
Nano- and microparticles have optical, structural, and chemical properties that differ from both their building blocks and the bulk materials themselves. These different physical and chemical properties are induced by the high surface-to-volume ratio. As a logical consequence, to understand the properties of nano- and…
ABSTRACT Multijunction III‐V concentrator cells of several different types have demonstrated solar conversion efficiency over 40% since 2006, and represent the only third‐generation photovoltaic technology to enter commercial power generation markets so far. The next stage of solar cell efficiency improvement, from 40…
By charge neutralization of carboxylic acid groups in graphene oxide (GO) with Cs(2)CO(3) to afford Cesium-neutralized GO (GO-Cs), GO derivatives with appropriate modification are used as both hole- and electron-extraction layers for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. The normal and inverted devices based on GO ho…
Two new metal-organic frameworks, M(2)(dobpdc) (M = Zn (1), Mg (2); dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxido-3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylate), adopting an expanded MOF-74 structure type, were synthesized via solvothermal and microwave methods. Coordinatively unsaturated Mg(2+) cations lining the 18.4-Å-diameter channels of 2 were functio…
A nondestructive method making use of X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) has been applied to post irradiation examinations (PIEs) of fast breeder reactor (FBR) fuel assemblies. In the X-ray CT system, a 12 MeV X-ray pulse was used in synchronization with switching on the detector to minimize the effects of gamma ray…
We performed off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations of links of two model ring chains with chain length N up to 32,768 in the theta solution or amorphous bulk state by using a random walk model (Model I), and molecular dynamics simulations of two model ring chains in solution with excluded volume interaction (Model II) t…
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) integrated in epitaxially grown semiconductors provide a flexible alternative to Stranski-Krastanow quantum dots for many different optoelectronic applications such as low-threshold lasers or single-photon emitters. We studied the optical properties of various CdSe core-only and core/shell…
The template-assisted electrodeposition technique has been utilized to synthesize highly ordered, well-aligned, and dense Au–Ni alloy nanowires. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been carried out to study the in situ growth process of alloy nanowires at different electrodeposition times. Their morphologic…
The interaction of nanoparticles with cells and organisms are often the focus of biomedical, material, and environmental research. This article highlights a paper by Yuliang Zhao, Chunying Chen, Ruhong Zhou, and co-workers (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 16968), which brings a new aspect to the discussion about…
Abstract White‐light emitting porous SiO2:C layers on silicon wafers have been fabricated by oxidation of carbonized porous silicon. The study was focused mainly on the identification of the mechanism of light emission and photo‐induced degradation. The effect of carbonization temperature and exposure to intense ultra…
Nucleation ability of native and modified rapeseed straw during the polypropylene crystallization from the melt was investigated by the DSC method. Composites were made from isotactic polypropylene and lignocellulosic material using extrusion and injection moulding techniques. They were obtained using polypropylenes d…
Electrically conductive multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites with aligned porous structure were obtained by a directional freeze-drying process. The results show that the morphologies of the MWNTs/PVA composite can be tailored by adding different contents of MWNTs in the PVA matrix.…
Abstract The article is focused on analysis of global efficiency of new mold for rotational molding of plastic parts, being directly heated by thermal fluid. The overall efficiency is based on several items such as reduction of cycle time, better uniformity of heating–cooling and low energy consumption. The new tool t…
Controlling size and shape of materials on the nanoscale allows to engineer their physical properties. Indeed nanomaterials offer unique opportunities in engineering, microelectronics, life-science, and renewable energies. Conversion of sunlight to electricity is assumed to be of major importance for the supply of ele…