Materials Literature
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SPIDER is a comprehensive command-operated suite of programs for image processing in electron microscopy, with special emphasis on single-particle reconstruction. This chapter provides an outline of the way SPIDER and SPIRE, its interactive graphical user interface, may be used to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruc…
The Coot software package is a tool for interactive macromolecular model building and validation. The software is designed to be easy to learn for novice users by ensuring that tools for common tasks are ‘discoverable’ without consulting the documentation, while also providing enhanced usability for experts through cu…
This comprehensive work contains up-to-date information, gathered from all over the world, concerning state-of-the art manufacturing science and engineering, focusing on New Materials and Processes. The 534 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into 16 chapters: Non-Ferrous Metallic Materials; Iron and Steel; Micro/Nano Ma…
Halogenated synthetic organic compounds are used in a wide variety of pesticides, solvents, refrigerants, fire retardants, and paints that cause extensive pollution to the air, surface water, groundwater, and soils. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl) is a typical halogenated synthetic organic compound that has been suspected…
Abstract The pace of coatings development is limited by the time required to assess their corrosion protection properties. This study takes a step forward from past studies and correlates the corrosion performance of protective coatings assessed by a series of short-term electrochemical measurements with 18 month and…
Abstract No investigation has yet been accomplished to screen the yttrium‐doped effects on vanadium‐based metal membranes. Synthesis, hydrogen permeation properties, and chemical stability of a novel palladium (Pd)‐coated V99Y1 alloy membrane are presented. Hydrogen permeation experiments have been performed to invest…
In this work, we study the selective emission properties of silicon-based three-dimensional photonic crystals coated with thin films of silicon dioxide presenting temperature emission measurements at 600 K of oxidized macroporous silicon structures. The photonic band gap of the structure is centered at 9 μm with 2.5 μ…
We explore the properties of systems composed of two or three layers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using the Vienna Ab-Initio Simulation Package (VASP), a software package for performing first principles simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Particular attention is given to the contrib…
SrRuO3 is a well-known itinerant ferromagnet with many intriguing characteristics. The Ru deficiency in this system is believed to play a pivotal role in influencing many of its magnetic and transport properties. The present study involves the magnetic and transport properties of the Ru-deficient SrRu0.93O3 sample to…
We demonstrate that power recycling is feasible by using a semitransparent strip of Al electrode as an interconnecting layer to merge a white organic light-emitting device (WOLED) and an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell. The device is called a photovoltaic organic light-emitting device (PVOLED). It has a glass/indium t…
A general introduction to cryocrystallography is provided. The chapter covers crystal mounting, cooling of biocrystals, principles of cooling equipment and frost prevention. Operational considerations, such as dual-stream instruments, electrically heated nozzles, temperature calibration and transfer of crystals to dif…
The chapter defines various kinds of twinning and focuses on the detection and analysis of twinning by hemihedry. The perfect overlap of lattices causes distinct intensities to be added together, thereby affecting the intensity distribution as well as the apparent symmetry properties of the crystal, to a degree determ…
The electron transmission plays an important role in the design of thermoelectric devices made up from silicon nanowires. It has been shown that the transmission spectra of a rough silicon wire can be modified by introducing long-range correlations to its disordered surface. Although using the linear response theory i…
We have measured the pressure and temperature dependences of the resistivity and the thermoelectric power of anatase, TiO2. The resistivity varies with T 3 at high temperatures, and its absolute value is in the 1 Ωcm range. Below 60 K, the resistivity is activated. Most surprisingly, the activation energy shows non-mo…
With the rapid progress of nanotechnology, nanostructures with different morphologies have been realized, which may be very promising to enhance the performance of semiconductor devices. In this study, SiGe nanostructures with several kinds of configurations have been synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition pr…
A flat-patterning method that exploits the ferromagnetic (FM) – antiferromagnetic (AF) transition in [001]-oriented L10 FePt1-xRhx films was investigated. FM–AF patterns with dot diameters between 15 and 1000 nm were fabricated by locally diffusing a small percentage of FePt atoms onto the FePt1-xRhx film. The geometr…
Abstract A novel type of hydrogen‐storage materials C10H16–m–(RTi‐nH2)m (m = 1–4, n = 1–5, R = C5H4, C6H5) was theoretically designed by grafting the organometallic complexes C5H5Ti and C6H6Ti onto the adamantane C10H16. The calculated binding energies of the organometallic complexes reveal that the grafting processes…
Ti6Al4V is the α-β alloy most employed in industry. The modification of its properties can be achieved with conventional heat treatments and/or with laser processing. Laser remelting (LR) has been applied to Ti6Al4V by other authors with excimer and Nd-YAG laser, employing pure argon as shielding gas to prevent risk o…
Low-resolution phasing addresses the cases where experimental X-ray diffraction intensities are only available to a low-resolution limit, or when the standard phasing methods to solve macromolecular structures fail. Ab initio phasing is based on general properties of macromolecular objects (connectivity, electron-dens…
Polymer clay nanocomposites (NCs) show remarkable potential in the field of drug delivery due to their enhanced barrier properties. It is hypothesised that well dispersed clay particles within the polymer matrix create a tortuous pathway for diffusing therapeutic molecules, thereby resulting in more sustained release…