Materials Literature
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With recent interest in seeking new biologically inspired device-fabrication methods in nanotechnology, a new biological approach was examined to fabricate Cu nanotubes by using sequenced histidine-rich peptide nanotubes as templates. The sequenced histidine-rich peptide molecules were assembled as nanotubes, and the…
Multilayers of charged polymers can be formed by the alternating adsorption of polyanions and polycations. By this so-called layer-by-layer self-assembly method, planar surfaces or colloidal templates can be coated. This method is reviewed here with respect to the basic physical principles governing multilayer formati…
This work updates the recent progress made toward fabricating a real-time, quantitative, and biocompatible glucose sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The sensor design relies on an alkanethiolate tri(ethylene glycol) monolayer that acts as a partition layer, preconcentrating glucose near a SERS-…
Although they hold the promise of clean energy, state-of-the-art fuel cells based on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are inoperable above 100 degrees C, require cumbersome humidification systems, and suffer from fuel permeation. These difficulties all arise from the hydrated nature of the electrolyte. In contr…
Information on the energy that is needed to transfer an electron from the valence band of an inorganic compound to a trivalent lanthanide impurity is presented. The energy is a measure of the location of the ground state of the divalent lanthanide relative to the top of the valence band. A variation with type of lanth…
Reflectance spectra of a ZnGeN2 epitaxial layer have been measured by using synchrotron radiation in the photon energy range of 2 to 120 eV. The peak of the reflectance spectra shifts to low energy by changing the direction of the electric vector. The optical constants including the complex index of refraction and the…
The TM0293 gene of Thermotoga maritima encodes γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GPR; EC 1.2.1.41), an enzyme that catalyzes the second step of proline biosynthesis, the reversible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of L-γ-glutamyl phosphate to phosphate and L-glutamate 5-semialdehyd…
The crystal structure of GdS(2-x) is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as a 144-fold superstructure of the ZrSSi structure type. The superstructure is described as a two-dimensional, commensurately modulated structure with the superspace group P4/n(alphabeta 1/2)(00)(ss) and with alpha = 1/4 and beta = 1/…
One of the most promising applications of encapsulated living cells is their use as protected transplanted tissue into the human body. A suitable system for the protection of living cells is the use of nano- or microcapsules of polyelectrolytes. These shells can be deposited easily on top of the cells by means of a la…
The TM0920 gene of Thermotoga maritima encodes a predicted iron-containing 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.202) with a molecular weight of 39,944 Da and a predicted isoelectric point of 6.1. 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of propane-1,3-diol to 3-hydroxypropanal with the simultaneous red…
Abstract Dithienylethenes having a pyridinium cation at one and both thiophene rings were synthesized. The derivatives with two pyridinium cation showed the cyclization quantum yield as high as 0.71, which is much larger than the values of the monocation derivative and the neutral form. This can be explained by the co…
The novel structure of the delta1 phase in the cobalt-zinc system was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure features fused double icosahedra linked by edge- and face-sharing. The delta1-CoZn(7.8) structure is incommensurately modulated along the columnar b direction. The extent of the linear pe…
The structure of the transition metal oxide V6O13, a potential cathode material in lithium-polymer batteries, has been studied at 95 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). A phase transition has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements to occur at 153 K, with a heat of transitio…
Raw and dehaired Australian and Chinese Liaoning cashmere were evaluated for cashmere fibre curvature, cashmere fibre length, resistance to compression, and mean fibre diameter. Tested cashmere originated from commercial lots, and previous experimental samples. In Australian goats, cashmere fibre curvature was depende…
The diatom genus Eunotia is unusual among raphid diatoms in having a raphe system consisting of two short slits that are not integrated into the primary pattern center. This and other characteristics, particularly the presence of rimoportulae, are consistent with the hypothesis that Eunotia is a basal lineage within t…
Kinetics of collision processes with linear mixing rules are investigated analytically. The velocity distribution becomes self-similar in the long-time limit and the similarity functions have algebraic or stretched exponential tails. The characteristic exponents are roots of transcendental equations and vary continuou…
A spin-orbital superexchange Hamiltonian in a Mott insulator with ${t}_{2g}$ orbital degeneracy is investigated. More specifically, we focus on a spin ferromagnetic state of the model and study a collective behavior of orbital angular momentum. Orbital order in the model occurs in a nontrivial way---it is stabilized e…
Abstract The cloud‐point temperatures ( T cl 's) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ethylene oxide)‐ block ‐polydimethylsiloxane (P(EO‐ b ‐DMS)) homopolymer and block‐oligomer mixtures were determined by turbidity measurements over a range of temperatures (105 to 130 °C), pressures (1 to 800 bar), and compositions…
NTP, nucleotide triphosphate; TNP-GTP, 2′-(or 3′)-O-(trinitrophenyl)guanosine 5′-triphosphate; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; HEPES, 2-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulphonic acid; IMCA-CAT, Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Collaborative Access Team; APS, Advanced Photon Source; CCD, charge-coupled device; RMS…
Curie temperatures (TC) of the diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) of (Ga,Mn)N and (Ga,Cr)N are evaluated from first-principles with the local spin density approximation by using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method combined with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA). The ferromagnetic states are stable in V-…