Materials Literature
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Abstract High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) examinations have indicated that three types of surface layers may exist in natural kaolinite crystals. Type 1 has the expected 7-Å surface layer as terminations. Type 2 has one 10-Å pyrophyllite-like (or low-charge beidellite-like) layer as the surface…
The rostral epithelium of a newly metamorphosed juvenile of Branchiostoma floridae was examined at the EM level to confirm previous reports on its sensory cells. The majority of the sensory cells are of three types: two type I variants, with simple collars of unbranched microvilli surrounding their cilia, and one kind…
Diagnosis of microbiologically influenced corrosion on iron‐containing substrata exposed in marine environments cannot be based solely on spatial relationships between large accumulations of bacterial cells and iron corrosion products. Experiments were designed to evaluate the relationship between marine bacteria and…
We report the first direct measurements of ultrafast electronic relaxation dynamics in PbI 2 colloidal nanoparticles using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The PbI 2 nanoparticles were prepared using colloidal chemistry methods in different solvents, including ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, water, and a…
The chemistry of silanols and related amino-silanes is a topic of current interest in view of their possible applications as building blocks in materials science. In particular, discrete silanetriols and triaminosilanes are useful synthons for the generation of three-dimensional metallasiloxanes. Research work in our…
Lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric thin films with compositions in antiferroelectric orthorhombic region have been prepared on Pt-buffered Si substrates by the sol–gel method, with the film thickness from 0.1 to 1.0 μm. The dependence of dielectric and ferroelectric properties on film t…
Synthetic routes towards monodisperse polyhedral liquid-crystalline silsesquioxanes are described. The liquid-crystalline phase behaviour of these structurally uniform materials, with various silsesquioxane core and mesogenic side-chain structures, were analysed and compared with those of related oligomeric and polyme…
Trace SiO 2 and MgO additive distributions in sintered alumina have been studied using high‐resolution scanning secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). When doped with each additive individually, evidence is seen for both strong silicon segregation to grain boundaries ( C gb / C grain similar/congruent 300) in SiO 2 ‐…
This book brings together highlights of a theme which is growing in interest: the creation of a sustainable society using catalysis as the main tool. Catalysts play key roles in the production of clean fuels, the conversion of waste and green raw materials into energy, clean combustion engines including control of NOx…
We report on the behavior of colloidal spheres suspended in nematic solutions of rodlike (calamitic phase) and disklike (discotic phase) micelles. The particles form anisotropic structures that depend on the shape of the surrounding micelles. An analysis of these structures indicates that dipolar and quadrupolar elast…
In this study, tapping mode scanning force microscopy was applied to characterize the distribution and adsorption structure of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) macromolecules adsorbed onto negatively charged polystyrene latexes as colloidal model systems and onto molecularly flat mica surfaces as reference systems. On both su…
A polyrotaxane in which many β-cyclodextrins (β-CyDs) are threaded onto a triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) capped with fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate (FITC) was synthesized as a model of stimuli-responsive molecular assemblies for nanoscale devices. β-CyDs threaded onto…
The β-diphenylethyne-linked porphyrin dimers ZnFbU-β (nonlinking meso -mesityl substituents) and F 30 ZnFbU-β (nonlinking meso -pentafluorophenyl substituents) and their bis-Zn analogues have been examined by static spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance), time-resolved spectroscopic…
The synthesis of ca. 1 nm diameter photoluminescent silicon nanoclusters in the surfactant-containing channels of a free-standing, oriented hexagonal mesoporous silica film is reported. The preparation involves an exceptionally mild disilane CVD procedure (see Fig.), during which the surfactants are intentionally reta…
The mosaic of photoreceptors is regarded as a prime example of the precise control of cellular positioning in the vertebrate nervous system. This study was undertaken with the idea that understanding the intrinsic geometrical features of photoreceptor mosaics is a necessary step to unveil the biological mechanisms gov…
Highly textured mullite was obtained by enhancing anisotropic grain growth by TiO 2 doping and by templating grain growth on oriented acicular mullite seed particles in a mullite precursor. Upon heating, the mullite precursor crystallized and densified to an equiaxed microstructure of 1‐2 µm mullite grains at which ti…
Phase diagrams on the α′‐SiAlON plane have been investigated for ytterbium‐, yttrium‐, and neodymium‐containing systems at different temperatures. Phase relationships between α′‐SiAlON, β′‐SiAlON, AlN polytypoids, and liquid/grain‐boundary phases have been determined. The stability region of the α′‐SiAlON phase increa…
Superfast densification of ceramic composites in the pseudobinary system Al 2 O 3 ‐Y 3 Al 5 O 12 was carried out by using a new technique called spark plasma sintering (SPS). Dense ceramic composites were obtained by heating appropriate powder mixtures to 1573 K in an SPS unit at a rate of 600 K/min. No holding time a…
Spatial confinement on a nm scale can affect molecular dynamics changing form, strength, and frequency of relaxation processes. Dielectric spectroscopy can reveal confinement effects, however, an effective medium analysis has to remove the effects of dielectric heterogeneity. Depending on the microstructure they cause…
In this paper, the theory of lattice dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotubes is presented. The screw symmetry of the system is used to reduce the rank of the dynamical matrix to six, independent of the number of atoms in the unit cell. Calculations of the lattice dynamics are carried out within a valence force fiel…