Materials Literature
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In this paper I review the ways in which the glassy state is obtained both in nature and in materials science and highlight a "new twist"--the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state. The formation of glass by continuous cooling (viscous slowdown) is then examined, the strong/fragile liquids classif…
Elastic singularities such as crack tips, when in motion through a medium that is itself vibrating, are subject to forces orthogonal to the direction of motion and thus impossible to determine by energy considerations alone. This fact is used to propose a universal scenario, in which three dimensionality is essential,…
DTA and ESR methods were applied for studying photostimulated changes in molecular arsenic (y-As). It is shown that under the effect of illumination/irradiation the stability of y-As decreases, which is due to the formation of stable fragments of the polymeric phase (a-As). Using the principles of orbital symmetry con…
We present a theoretical study of magnetic relaxation of big molecules, M${\mathrm{n}}_{12}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, at low temperature, when the relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is temperature independent. If the magnetic field ${h}_{z}$ is not too low, tunneling can only take place if energy is exchanged with phonons…
AC susceptibility, zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization and field-cooled (FC) magnetization have been reported for the Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 1.1 Cr 0.9 O 4 disordered ferrite system. A polarization analysis of the transmitted neutron beam in both ZFC and FC conditions has also been reported for Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 2-x Cr x O…
Vincristine is used clinically for the treatment of various types of cancer. Recent significant therapeutic improvements obtained by entrapping anthracyclines in sterically stabilized liposomes raised the question whether the therapeutic index of vincristine can be similarly increased by formulation into such long-cir…
Coarsening in three-dimensional polycrystalline systems such as foams, magnetic bubbles, metal crystals, and ceramics is poorly understood because of the absence of data describing the interior of these materials. We introduce magnetic resonance imaging to probe the interior of a foam, providing information on topolog…
Ablation of diamond by short UV pulses is reported. The ablation threshold for 500 fs pulses at 248 nm was found to be 0.6 J/cm2 (equal to a peak intensity of 1.1 TW/cm2). Intensity-dependent transmission measurements from low intensities to 100 GW/cm2 showed that two-photon absorption is the dominant nonlinearity in…
The third-order optical nonlinearity χ(3) of porous silicon has been measured using the Z-scan technique. Intensity dependent absorption was observed and attributed to a resonant two photon absorption process. The real and imaginary parts of χ(3) have been measured at 665 nm and found to be 7.5×10−9 esu and −1.9×10−9…
The structural behaviour of copper(I) iodide, CuI, has been investigated between room temperature and its melting point (T M =878 K) using neutron powder diffraction. Detailed measurements have been made in the vicinity of the two known structural phase transitions gamma to beta and beta to alpha , which are observed…
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies of the static structure factor and dynamic correlation function of a gold colloid dispersed in the viscous liquid glycerol. We find a diffusion coefficient for Brownian motion of the gold colloid which agrees well with that extrapolated from measurements made wit…
Zirconia single crystals, partially stabilized with 6.6 mol% Y2O3, are annealed at 1600°C for 50 h. These crystals, which were investigated by high voltage electron microscopy, contain few relatively large precipitation colonies and many small precipitates regularly arranged in a tweed structure. The colonies consist…
Basal plane stacking disorder, delamination cracks, misorientation bands and low angle (0001) twist boundaries are observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy in small, highly defective, boron nitride inclusions introduced unintentionally in silicon nitridesilicon carbide composites during the fabric…
The magnetic properties and phase transitions of 1T-${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ and 1T-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.07}$${\mathrm{Ta}}_{0.93}$${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ have been studied in the interval of 1.5--300 K and over the range of 100 Oe--60 kOe. Experimental results show that at high temperatures the compounds are in a diamagnetic sta…
A current controlled, high speed, near ideal electrical switching has been observed for the first time in microwave prepared AgI based fast ion conducting glasses. The switching is found to be memory type, which is not reverted to OFF state by the application of a resetting current pulse. The threshold fields exhibit…
The electronic spectra of \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} solid ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ were calculated in a full many-body approach for a cluster consisting of four ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecules with periodic-boundary conditions. By including only the partially occupied \ensuremath{\pi} orbitals (16 spin orbital…
Ferroelectric 180° domain structures of CsH 2 PO 4 (CDP) and (NH 2 CH 2 COOH) 3 ·H 2 SO 4 (TGS) have been observed in unelectroded b plates using the secondary emission mode of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that a lamellar domain structure is formed in CDP. The lamellar structure shows the fine per…
The structure and magnetic properties of RFe12−xMox series and their nitrides with R=Y,Gd,Nd and x=0.8,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 have been studied by x-ray-diffraction and magnetic measurements. It is found that with the increment of Mo content x, the lattice parameters increase, whereas the saturation magnetization, Curie temp…
The electronic energy band structures for BaNiS 2 and BaCoS 2 , which are considered as highly correlated layered structure systems, have been calculated by using the scalar-relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the local-density approximation. The result of the calculation…
The structures of di(acetone)tetrakis(mu 3,5-dinitrobenzoato-kappa 2 O:kappa O')hexakis(mu-3,5-dinitrobenzoato-kappa O:kappa O')-di-mu 4-oxo-di(pyridine)tetramanganese(II)dimanganese (III)-acetone-diethyl ether (1/2/2), (1), and tetrakis(acetonitrile)tetrakis(mu 3-benzoato-kappa 2 O:kappa O')hexakis(mu-benzoato-kappa…