Protein-Based Materials
Nature learned long ago how useful proteins are as a diverse set of building blocks to make materials with very diverse properties. Spider webs, egg whites, hair follicles, and skeletal muscles are al
Materials Literature
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Spirooxazine- and spiropyran-doped hybrid organic–inorganic matrices with very fast photochromic responses
Both spirooxazine and spiropyran dyes have been embedded into two different hybrid matrices, which were formed from hydrolysis and cocondensation between diethoxydimethylsilane and zirconium propoxide and between methyldiethoxysilane (DH) and triethoxysilane (TH) respectively. The nature and the kinetics of the photoc…
Effect of processing parameters on the properties of peptide-containing PLGA microspheres
The physico-chemical properties of biodegradable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres containing the peptide salmon calcitonin (sCT) were affected by the processing parameters. The microsphere size increased with an increase in the viscosity of the polymer solution. Concentration of methanol and peptide in the…
Carbon coatings on silicon carbide by reaction with chlorine-containing gases
Carbon films have been produced on the surface of β-SiC particles by reaction with Ar–Cl 2 and Ar–Cl 2 –H 2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 600–1000 °C. The structure and composition of the carbon films have been investigated using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. BET and TG we…
Palladium-grafted mesoporous MCM-41 material as heterogeneous catalyst for Heck reactions
Palladium grafted mesoporous MCM-41 materials, prepared by vapor grafting, show remarkable activity in Heck carbon–carbon coupling reactions.
Columnar discotics for light emitting diodes
The suitability fo columnar discotics for applications in light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been investigated following the demonstration of their unusually large charge carrier mobilities. Results of X‐ray diffraction, computer simulations, and electroluminescence measurements are presented and discussed for discotic…
Performance of the B3LYP/ECP DFT Calculations of Iron-Containing Compounds
Iron-containing molecules and ions with various types of bonding were calculated using DFT theory (B3LYP functional) and an energy-adjusted effective core potential for iron (ECP(S)). Examination of calculated geometries, bond dissociation energies, ionization energies, enthalpies of formation, and harmonic frequencie…
Crystal Structure, Magnetic Order, and Vibrational Behavior in Iron Rare-Earth Borates
Crystals of Fe 3 R(BO 3 ) 4 (R = Y, La, Nd) have been grown. Their structure and properties show close relations. The structures of these materials have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They crystallize in the huntite, CaMg 3 (CO 3 ) 4, structure type, trigonal system, space group R 32 (No. 155),…
Charge distribution and transport in polymers
Experimental work on charge distributions and charge transport in polymer films is reviewed. For studying the charge distributions in the thickness dimension, thermal or acoustic techniques are used with resolutions down to /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m. The polymer samples usually are charged with corona, electron beam or the…
Improvement in Electrochromic Stability of Electrodeposited Nickel Hydroxide Thin Film
The electrochromic nickel hydroxide thin film was anodically deposited from an aqueous solution. The effect of solution temperature, postheat‐treatment temperature, and addition of cadmium on the electrochromic behavior (color/bleach durability cycle, response time, and coloration efficiency of the nickel hydroxide fi…
Recent progress in the development of organomagnetic materials based on neutral nitroxide radicals and charge transfer complexes derived from nitroxide radicals
Nitroxide radicals play a central role in the recent development of organomagnetic materials or molecular-based magnetic materials. This feature article considers the recent progress in the development of molecular-based magnetic materials dealing mainly with nitroxide radical crystals and charge transfer (CT) complex…
Boundary integral methods applied to the analysis of diffractive optical elements
We apply boundary integrals to the analysis of diffraction from both conductive and dielectric diffractive optical elements. Boundary integral analysis uses the integral form of the wave equation to describe the induced surface distributions over the boundary of a diffractive element. The surface distributions are use…
Viscoelastic characterization of electroactive polymer films at the electrode/solution interface
We describe and explore a new general transmission line model that describes the viscoelastic characteristics of thin films in terms of their shear moduli. The model contains within it the commonly used lumped-elementmodel as a limiting case, and we delineate the conditions under which thesimpler lumped-element model…
Properties and Microstructure of Zein Sheets Plasticized with Palmitic and Stearic Acids
ABSTRACT Interest in biodegradable materials for packaging and agricultural uses has grown in recent years. Plant proteins have been proposed as inexpensive, renewable, and abundant feedstock. Corn zein was investigated based on value‐added considerations and on the unique thermoplastic and hydrophobic properties of z…
Sinking rate versus cell volume relationships illuminate sinking rate control mechanisms in marine diatoms
It has been shown that for dead marine diatom cells or diatom cells which are severely stressed metabolically, larger cells sink faster than small cells as dictated by Stokes' Law. In these cases, the slope of the sinking rate versus cell volume relationship within a culture reaches a maximum. Within cultures of rapid…
Excellent gelators for organic fluids: Simple bolaform amides derived from amino acids
The gelation of organic solvents by low molecular weight gelators is an area of study still in its infancy. Difficulties in the design of universal gelators suitable for a wise variety of liquids arise because the self‐aggregation of teh molecules strongly depends on the polarity of the solvent. The bolaform amides pr…
The structure of concanavalin A and its bound solvent determined with small-molecule accuracy at 0.94 [Aring ]resolution
The structure of concanavalin A, a saccharide-binding metalloprotein of subunit molecular weight 25000 Da§, is reported with precision and accuracy equivalent to those of small-molecule crystal structures. An X-ray data-to-parameter ratio of 6.1:1 has allowed the first unrestrained anisotropic refinement of a protein…
Local nonequilibrium effect on undercooling in rapid solidification of alloys
A local nonequilibrium approach to rapid solidification of undercooled alloys is presented. Taking into account the finite speed of mass signals, a steady-state solution to the nonisothermal rapid solidification problem has been obtained. We have found that, if the solidification front moves at a velocity V equal to o…
The crystal structure of the designed trimeric coiled coil coil‐VaLd: Implications for engineering crystals and supramolecular assemblies
The three-dimensional structure of the 29-residue designed coiled coil having the amino acid sequence acetyl-E VEALEKK VAALESK VQALEKK VEALEHG-amide has been determined and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 21.4% for all data from 10-A to 2.1-A resolution. This molecule is called coil-VaLd because it contains…
Intercalation of titanium oxide in layered H2Ti4O9 and H4Nb6O17 and photocatalytic water cleavage with H2Ti4O9/(TiO2, Pt) and H4Nb6O17/(TiO2, Pt) nanocomposites
Titanium oxide and platinum have been intercalated into H 2 Ti 4 O 9 and H 4 Nb 6 O 17 by the successive reactions of H 2 Ti 4 O 9 and H 4 Nb 6 O 17 with [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2 , n-C 3 H 7 NH 2 and acidic TiO 2 colloid solutions followed by UV light irradiation. The thicknesses of titanium oxide and platinum were less tha…