Materials Literature
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Isothermal calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ) in 0·5, 1·0 and 3·0 M magnesium sulphate solutions. Hydration was carried out isothermally at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C. Monosulphate (Ca 4 Al 2 (OH) 12 ·(SO 4 )·6H 2 O), ett…
Formation of the nacre of a shell is mimicked here to synthesize layered polymer/calcium carbonate composites such as that shown in the Figure. The combination of insoluble chitin or chitosan solid matrices with soluble acidic macromolecules such as poly(acrylic acid) is used to induce thin-film crystallization of CaC…
A hardware device and software based on image analysis techniques are developed to detect and describe fuzz on fabric surfaces. Thin optical slices near the surface of fabrics are imaged with a microscope objective lens and electronic camera. Sharply focused fuzz fibers are detected within each image and described in…
A review of recent developments in the applications and actions of intumescent fire-retardance is given. An attempt has been made to classify the main systems of importance such as melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphate, pentaerythritol phosphate, sodium silicate, vermiculite, expandable graphite and mic…
While crystal structure analysis remains the most powerful analytical tool for the elucidation of host-guest structures, a greater understanding of the behaviour of these compounds is achieved by studying their thermal stabilities and kinetics of formation and desolvation. Various analytical techniques for the study o…
Inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in 1‐5 N HCl and H 2 SO 4 by a macrocyclic compound viz., tetramethyl‐dithia‐octaazacyclotetradeca hexaene (MTAT) was studied as a corrosion inhibitor by weight loss and electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization methods. The influence of temperature, immersion time and acid…
The electrical conductivity in a metal-polymer-nanocrystalline metal system has been investigated as a function of temperature. It is found that this system undergoes a transition to the high-conductivity state at temperatures of structural transformations in nanocrystalline electrodes. The results are interpreted wit…
Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic carbonates was studied. Volume expansion during polymerization of cyclic carbonates could be explained by the difference between intermolecular interaction of monomers and polymers, which was evaluated by dipole moment. A seven-membered cyclic carbonate polymerized much faster tha…
Selective modification of zirconium alkoxide by acetic acid or acetylacetone was used in solution processing of PZT Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films by 2-methoxyethanol route. EXAFS results clearly show a decrease of Zr-O-Zr links in the acetic acid modified PZT sol implying a more homogeneous constituent metal distribution. N…
An investigation into the cleanness of steel manufactured by a major Scandinavian producer of steel for railway wheels has been carried out. Samples taken before and after secondary refining in the ladle and after degassing were compared with samples taken similarly from a heat including the addition of a calcium carb…
The cutlery & Trades Research Association (CATRA) has recently concluded a two year research project, funded by the Department of Trade and Industry Focus Technology Programme, to review the sharp edge retention of hand held and machine knives and blades. Results for sharpness and wear performance of cutting edges…
The optical energy band gaps of BaAl2S4 and BaAl2Se4 single crystals at 300 K were found to be 3.98 and 3.35 eV, respectively, and the optical energy band gaps of Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+-doped BaAl2S4 and BaAl2Se4 single crystals were smaller than those of the undoped single crystals. Photoluminescence spectra peaked at…
Petroleum reserves of the world may not last forever. There is a need to develop alternative and renewable sources of petroleum. Petrocrops (wild and waste plants) are renewable sources of petroleum hydrocarbons. Calotropis procera is one of the potential candidates for petrofarming. The latex obtained from C. procera…
The application of the low-temperature plasma method, the excimer laser treatment method and the corona-discharge method to aramid) were discussed, presenting an overview of current trends and developments in this area.
Novel polymer composites based on polydisulfide compounds are developed as a high energy density cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries. A polymer composite composed of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) and conducting polymer polyaniline (PAn) on a copper current collector provides high charge densi…
Bitumen has been used as a matrix for low-level radioactive liquid waste in Japan and other countries.Originally, bituminization was adopted for dumping at sea, but today underground disposal is being considered.Under this disposal condition chemical, radiolytic, and microbial degradation may affect the performance of…
Abstract The nanocrystalline cubic Phase of zirconia was found to be thermally stabilized by the addition of 2.56 to 17.65 mol % Y 2 O 3 (5.0 to 30.0 mol % Y, 95.0 to 70.0 mol % Zr cation content). The cubic phase of yttria stabilized zirconia was prepared by thermal decomposition of the hydroxides at 400°C for 1 hr.…
If only native amplitudes are used for structure determination, then additional 'theoretical' information is necessary to determine their phases. For use in a phasing procedure, this information can be formulated as a selection criterion (figure of merit) which assigns a reliability weight to every trial phase set and…
Ammonium and barium cyclotriphosphate monohydrate, BaNH4P3O9·1H2O, was prepared for the first time by using Boullé's process [1] by Durif et al. [2] who reported a complete description of the atomic arrangement. BaNH4P3O9·1H2O is monoclinic P21/n with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=11.70(1)Å, b=12.12(1)Å, c=7.5…
Solvents screening experiments using a Soxhelt extractor were conducted to determine the best solvents for oil removal from spent bleaching clay. The solvents extracted oil in the following decreasing amount: methylethylketone > benzene‐ethanol mixture (1:1 by volume) > acetone > trichloroethylene = dichloromethane >…