Materials Literature
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We derive the effective low-energy theory for interacting electrons in metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes, taking into account phonon exchange due to twisting, stretching, and breathing modes within a continuum elastic description. In many cases, the nanotube can be described as a standard Luttinger liquid with pos…
Electromigration is caused by high current density stress in metallization patterns and is a major source of breakdown in electronic devices. It is therefore an important reliability issue to verify current densities within all stressed metallization patterns. In this paper we propose a new methodology for hierarchica…
The change in PD (partial discharge) pulse shape for a void bounded with LDPE was measured using a time-resolved measurement system with an ultra-wideband detector. Phase-resolved patterns also were obtained by a conventional PD measuring system. The frequency spectrum analysis of PD pulse waveform showed that ageing…
UHF patterns of discharges representative of that occurring in a transformer were recorded by simulating them in a 220 kV test tank. The influence of the location of the UHF sensor, type of barrier and partial discharge (PD) magnitude on UHF sensitivity was studied. Information concerning the temporal development of d…
The phenomena of surface charging are investigated using the capacitive probe method. In order to decrease the charge leakage a new type probe with high resolution is designed. The influence of voltage amplitude, duration, polarity and surrounding humidity on the surface charging are studied. The accumulation competit…
Joints are generally known to be the weakest link of underground distribution lines. One of the most common failure modes is attributable to the occurrence of dielectric breakdown at the cable-joint interface. Interfacial pressure is known to be a key factor in the interfacial breakdown strength: a high interfacial pr…
A novel approach for the detection of molecular interactions is presented in which a colorimetric resonant diffractive grating surface is used as a surface binding platform. A guided mode resonant phenomenon is used to produce an optical structure that, when illuminated with white light, is designed to reflect only a…
Oxidized porous silicon (OPS) has the potential to produce low loss designs for high-density RF passive and CMOS integrated circuits. Herein are findings on porosity effects on finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW) lines printed on OPS material up to 50 GHz. At 51% porosity, measured effective dielectric constant d…
Molecular modeling has previously been used to study adhesion and surface energy effects of die attach, underfill and viafill formulations, and is currently being used to study the mechanical property trends of the new class of ultra low k nanoporous dielectric materials, NANOGLASS/spl reg/ porous spin-on-glass (SOG)…
Today, most railway applications use hybrid power modules. These IGBT modules are constituted of several dielectric materials to achieve chip packaging. Due to the presence of high voltage, new phenomena which could be previously ignored for lower voltage ratings have now to be taken into account. This is the case of…
Study of partial discharge (PD) behavior in electrical apparatus is important to know the degradation of insulating materials. The characterization of these pulses in the form of cavity discharge, corona discharge and surface discharge is important to identify the faulty location and to quantify the degree of deterior…
A PECVD deposited carbon hardmask is combined with dielectric anti-reflective coating (DARC) for the patterning of sub-90nm lines with 248nm lithography. Using this CVD dual layer stack, <1% reflectivity control is demonstrated for both 248nm and 193nm lithography. The film stack is tested with an etch integration sch…
Sensors operating in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band have been used to detect internal discharges during site testing of a 1000 MVA oil-filled transformer. The transformer was operated at voltages exceeding normal levels by up to 15%. Two discharge sources were detected at both sensors using UHF test equipment. Di…
An extensive laboratory reaction kinetics study was performed on the “direct process” of methyl chloride and silicon, also commonly referred to as the methylchlorosilane (MCS) reaction. Temperature and concentrations of copper, zinc, and tin were varied. Reaction rate reproducibility and repeatability were improved by…
An experimental investigation into the propagation behaviour of partial discharge (PD) pulses in a continuous disc type 6.6kV transformer winding is described in this paper. PD pulses were injected into the winding using a calibrator and the resulting current signals at the line and neutral end terminals measured usin…
An all electrochemical deposition process was developed to prepare the polypyrrole nanocomposite films containing multiple layers of CdSe and CdTe. The CdSe layer grew on top of polypyrrole in a Volmer−Weber mode leading to an increase in surface roughness, while the subsequent CdTe layer filled up the interisland spa…
The propagation of electrical trees along interfaces in epoxy resin is described. The electrical trees grew in needle-plane samples with and without internal barriers up to the final breakdown. The barrier materials glass, mica and PTFE had been chosen because they have significantly different bond mechanisms to the e…
We develop an rf circuit model for single walled carbon nanotubes for both dc and capacitively contacted geometries. By modeling the nanotube as a nano-transmission line with distributed kinetic and magnetic inductance as well as distributed quantum and electrostatic capacitance, we calculate the complex, frequency de…
This paper presents a new method to mitigate inrush currents caused by transformer energization. The method uses a grounding resistor connected at the transformer neutral and delayed energization of each phase of the transformer. The proposed method was tested by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and laboratory experiments. Both…
Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and computational analysis of an imidazole‐based analogue of porphycene are described. The macrocycle, given the trivial name “imidacene”, was prepared by reductive coupling of a diformyl‐substituted 2,2′‐biimidazole using low‐valent titanium, followed by treatment wit…