Materials Literature
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High-resolution resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements have been performed as a function of temperature on pregraphitic carbon fibers. The resistivity exhibits a negative temperature coefficient (d\ensuremath{\rho}/dT<0) from room temperature down to 1.5 K. It is shown that such behavior can hardly be expla…
Three-dimensional computer simulation is carried out for the aggregation process of colloids using the sticky sphere model proposed in the previous paper. Time evolution of the structure of aggregates and macroscopic viscosity is studied when a shear flow is started in a suspension of the sticky spheres. In the transi…
During directional solidification of thin layers (50 μm) of the transparent CBr 4 -C 2 Cl 6 lamellar eutectic alloy, we observed tilt waves, a type of instability consisting in small domains of tilted lamellae moving transversely along the growth front. This instability is a way the system adjusts its wavelength after…
Plasmon broadening in small metal clusters is calculated using the jellium model. We find that thermal fluctuations in the shape of the cluster could be a significant source of broadening of the Mie resonance. The shape fluctuation mechanism makes definite predictions for the shape of the resonance line, its temperatu…
Measurement of a photoinduced reaction involving two types of molecular species coadsorbed with well-defined configurations on a solid surface is reported. The photoinduced reaction, occurring on Pt(111) at 100 K, is O2+CO+hν→O+{O→CO}→O+CO2. A mechanism involving photochemically produced hot O atoms (with high transla…
The characteristic features of structure factor Sm(Q) of liquid halogens F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 have been discussed in terms of preferred orientational correlations introduced between the nearest neighbors. The orientational correlations estimated directly from the experimental Sm(Q)’s of these liquids are rather simila…
Electrical conduction in amorphous ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{100\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ (a-${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{100\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$) thin films is examined, where x ranges from 35 to 44. Models of electrical conduction processes in both crystallin…
[FeCl(C44H28N4)], Mr = 704.03, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.254 (2), b = 15.969 (3), c = 20.810 (4) A, beta = 90.48 (2) degree, V = 3407.7 A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.37 g cm-3, Mo K alpha, lambda = 0.71073 A, mu = 5.6 cm-1, F(000) = 363, T = 293 K, R = 0.047 for 3357 unique observed reflections. The iron(III) ion is coordinated t…
Compressibility, optical-absorption, Raman-scattering, and refractive-index measurements for GaSe are reported at 300 K and pressures up to 8 GPa. A model which separates intra- and interlayer contributions along the c axis is used, with adequate deformation potentials, to quantitatively reproduce the compressibility…
The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities and the magnetizations for the three kinds of α-nitronyl nitroxides, 2-R-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy 3-oxide [with R=phenyl (I), 3-nitrophenyl (II), 4-nitrophenyl (III)] have been measured. It is found that the intermolecular spin inte…
Plasma-induced self-healing in organic dielectrics, which is of extremely great importance for capacitor technology, is dependent, in a complicated manner, upon electrical and physicochemical processes, which cannot be determined by metrology. Accordingly, a theoretical model was developed which describes the spatiote…
Flexoelectric effect in cholesteric liquid crystals can be used to produce optical switching on a microsecond time scale. In a simple geometry, this effect produces a light modulation the amplitude of which is linear in field. The switching time from one optical state to the other is predicted to be independent of the…
Luminescence at energy lower than the absorption edge has been investigated in crystals of GaSe, containing different degrees of lattice disorder, as a function of temperature, of photoexcitation intensity, and of excitation energy. At low excitation intensity, the extrinsic luminescence is composed of broad overlappi…
We introduce a laminate two-layer approach to electrochromic smart windows. It incorporates two glass panes, each having a two-layer coating, laminated by a transparent adhesive solid polymer electrolyte. Each coating has a transparent conducting base layer (In(2)O(3):S(n)) and a top layer of an ion-insertion compound…
We examine one of a number of possible classes of exceptions to the usual rule that non-Arrhenius behavior in supercooled liquids is accompanied by a departure from exponential relaxation kinetics. The exceptions we study are the dielectric relaxations of monohydric alcohols and supercooled water, in which also the di…
Electron-spin-resonance spectra tentatively attributed to self-trapped holes (STH's) in amorphous silicon dioxide are reported and analyzed. Two types of STH's were found in a numerical ratio \ensuremath{\sim}1:1 in all silica samples investigated (including high-OH flame hydrolytic, low-OH ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-plasma f…
We discuss the interpretation of thermoelectric power in heterogeneous media, and using a compilation of many sets of data, we analyze the thermopower of conducting polymers as a function of conductivity and of temperature. For samples of very high conductivity, the thermopower (but not the conductivity) shows typical…
The temperature dependence of the Kapitza resistance (thermal boundary resistance) at the interface between two dissimilar solids is calculated for a model system consisting of two semi-infinite, harmonic fcc lattices in register. The spectral density of phonon flux transmitted across the interface is obtained from a…
Absolute total electron scattering cross sections for molecular hydrogen have been measured at low electron energies using a photoelectron source. The measurements have been carried out at 25 electron energies varying from 0.2 to 10 eV with an accuracy of +or-2.7%. The cross sections obtained in the present experiment…
Thermitase is a thermostable member of the subtilisin protease family. It was found that this enzyme binds very strongly one calcium ion. This metal ion cannot be removed without denaturation by any known method. A second binding site for calcium ions can be depleted partially by gel filtration, similar to the strong…