Materials Literature
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We measured the D - E hysteresis loop of TGS (triglycine sulphate), and transformed it to the q - E hysteresis loop by a method proposed in this paper, where q is the volume fraction of reversed domains. The experimental result was compared with a theory based on the Avrami model by the present authors [H. Orihara, S.…
Abstract Structural changes of native and regenerated silk fibroin membranes were induced by immersion in water‐methanol solutions and examined as a function of immersion time and methanol concentration. X‐ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy data showed that transition from random coil to β‐sheet structure oc…
A process based on the Kratschmer-Huffman carbon arc method of preparing fullerenes has been used to generate carbon-coated cobalt and cobalt carbide nanocrystallites. Magnetic nanocrystallites are extracted from the soot with a gradient field technique. For Co/C composites, structural characterization by x-ray diffra…
The chemical composition of thin native oxide layers grown on GaAs and InAs by ultraviolet (UV)/ozone and thermal oxidation is investigated using x-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy. Core-level binding energies, core-level intensities, and valence-band spectra are compared with data for bulk crystalline binary or ternary…
Alcaligenes eutrophus NCIMB 11599 was cultivated to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from glucose by the automatic fed-batch culture technique. The glucose concentration of the culture broth was controlled at 10 to 20 g/L by two methods: using exit gas data obtained from a mass spectrometer and using an on-li…
Magnetic properties of La 1- x Sr x CoO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤0.5) have been studied by magnetization measurements in low magnetic fields. It has been found that there exist spin-glass (0< x ≤0.18) and cluster-glass (0.18 ≤ x ≤0.5) regions. Ferromagnetic long-range order previously reported does not take place. Spin-glass behavio…
Transition between the low- and high-density amorphous H2O was observed with a piston-cylinder apparatus from 77 K to 140 K, almost the glass-transition temperature of the amorphs. The transition was found to occur reversibly and abruptly at ∼135 K and ∼0.2 GPa with a volume change of 0.20±∼0.01 cm3/g and some hystere…
Abstract The effect of temperature on the crystallization of α, β, and γ phases of PVDF from dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution was studied. Variation in the crystallinity content of these three phases was obtained as a function of temperature using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x‐ra…
A negative isotropic magnetoresistance effect more than three orders of magnitude larger than the typical giant magnetoresistance of some superlattice films has been observed in thin oxide films of perovskite-like La(0.67)Ca(0.33)MnOx. Epitaxial films that are grown on LaAIO(3) substrates by laser ablation and suitabl…
Lactobacillus brevis takes up lactose and the nonmetabolizable lactose analogue thiomethyl beta-galactoside (TMG) by a permease-catalyzed lactose/H+ symport mechanism. Earlier studies have shown that TMG, previously accumulated in L. brevis cells, rapidly effluxes from the cells upon addition of glucose, and that gluc…
We study the effects of relativity on the stability of group II elements Zn, Cd, and Hg in face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures. A comparison of nonrelativistic and scalar-relativistic results for both the fcc and the hcp phases of these elements, obtained self consistently, clearly sh…
Observation of mode selection in an optical fiber with nematic liquid-crystal cladding is reported. The TE01 mode is guided, while the TM01 mode leaks out. This behavior is achieved by radially oriented liquid-crystal directors in the cladding of an optical fiber with isotropic core. A theory which quantitatively acco…
Abstract The interdiffusion of two miscible polymers, polycarbonate (PC) and a copolyester (KODAR), was studied at temperatures from 200 to 230°C. The two polymers were coextruded as microlayer composites with up to 3713 alternating layers. The microlayer structure provided a large area of intimate contact between the…
Photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements have been performed on light-emitting porous silicon (LEPSi) after annealing at temperatures below 600 °C. Two different kinds of samples with different surface morphologies and different initial concentrations of chemically bonded hydrogen were…
Abstract The crazing behavior of coextruded microlayer sheets consisting of alternating layers of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was investigated as a function of PC and SAN layer thicknesses. In this study, the total sheet thickness remained essentially constant and the PC and SAN layer…
Hydrogen diffusion in ZrH x (1.58<or=x<or=1.98) in the temperature range 600 K to 970 K has been measured by means of pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. The activation enthalpy for hydrogen diffusion, H a , obtained by fitting an Arrhenius expression D=D 0 exp(-H a /k B T) to the diffusivities, increase…
Abstract The ductility of a calcium carbonate‐filled amorphous copolyester PETG in a uniaxial tensite test was examined as a fiction other filler volume fraction. A ductile‐to‐quasibrittle transition occurred as the volume fraction of filler increased. This transition was from propragation of a stable neck through the…
Abstract Interfacially compatibilized immiscible blends with an isotactic polypropylene matrix (PP) and dispersed polyamide‐66 (PA) were prepared by extrusion with anhydride‐grafted isotactic PP compatibilizers, one of high‐anhydride content (HAC, 2.7 wt % grafted maleic anhydride) and one of low‐anhydride content (LA…
Abstract Two anydride‐grafted isotactic polypropylene (PP) compatibilizers, HAC or high‐anydride compatibilizer (2.7 wt % grafted maleic anhydride) and LAC or low‐anydride compatibilizer (0.2 wt % anydride), were compared in PP‐rich blends with polyamide‐66 (25 wt %). A previous article demonstrated that LAC imparted…
Evidence has recently accumulated that an interconnect under intense electric current can fail by a transgranular slit. A rounded void first forms, enlarges, and drifts. When the void becomes sufficiently large, a narrow slit emerges at the expense of the void, running across the linewidth. In this letter we describe…