Materials Literature
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Stainless steel strip cladding is a flexible and economical way of depositing a corrosion resistant, protective layer on a load‐bearing mild or low alloy steel. Strip cladding is therefore widely used in the production of components for the chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industries, for example.
The phase diagram of the cubic ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni 2+ x Mn 1− x Ga is constructed theoretically for the case when the Curie temperature is close to the structural transition temperature. This diagram agrees well with the experimental data obtained from resistance and magnetic susceptibility measurement…
Structures and energies for BLi n ( n = 1−3) are investigated with various basis sets and with different levels of theory, including single reference- and multireference-based correlated methods up to QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3 df )//MP2(full)/6-311+G( d ), MCQDPT2/6-311+G(2 df )// CASSCF/6-31G( d ), G2, and G2(MP2) theory. B…
Abstract The smectite-to-illite diagenetic transformation has been documented in 5 different sedimentary basins using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intermediate reaction products coexisting because of the effect of kinetics on this reaction have been characterized using decomposition of XRD patterns and comparison with cal…
The crystallographic problem: In a powder diffractometer, the curvature of the Debye---Scherrer rings causes an asymmetry in the peak profiles as the Bragg angle approaches either 0 or 180 °. For accurate Rietveld refinement, this asymmetry, which is known as axial divergence, must be modeled correctly. Traditionally,…
A domain wall model is proposed for relaxor ferroelectrics typified by Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3. Under a large applied field or a large internal field, domain walls move over a long distance by overcoming localized barriers. This movement is responsible for the hysteresis loop and depolarization at temperatures below T max. The…
Hexagonal plate martensite in titanium alloys contains a dense substructure whose character and origins have not been completely addressed in the literature. The substructure is shown to consist of columnar domains which extend along basal planes from the midrib of the martensite plates to the habit plane and are boun…
A Monte Carlo model was used to simulate specimen-electron beam interactions relevant to electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). Electron trajectories were calculated for a variety of likely experimental conditions to examine the interaction volume of the incident electrons as well as that of the subset of inciden…
The amount of plasma protein adsorbed on a phospholipid polymer having a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) moiety was reduced compared to the amount of protein adsorbed onto poly[2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)], poly[n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)], and BMA copolymers with acrylamide (AAm) or N-vinyl pyrr…
A theory was formulated for the description of circularly polarized fluorescence (CPF) from a chiral nematic film in the spectral region outside the selective reflection band. The CPF theory incorporates: (1) the ability of a chiral nematic film to accomplish both circular dichroism and circular polarization and (2) l…
The esterification reaction between lignocellulosic materials (ALCELL lignin and Bleached kraft cellulose) and maleated polypropylenes (graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride into polypropylene chains) was investigated. The reaction was conducted in a reactor in the presence of xylene used as a solvent and sodium…
The potential-energy surface underlying the liquid dynamics Hamiltonian is supposed to consist of a large number of intersecting, macroscopically similar, nearly harmonic random valleys. The statistical mechanics replaces each valley with an infinitely extended harmonic potential surface and then corrects for (a) the…
Abstract Despite substantial scientific research efforts, accurate determination of the petrophysical effects of clay minerals on reservoir sands remains problematic. Diagenetic clays such as smectite and illite are of particular interest because of the pronounced effects these clays can have on reservoir quality. Her…
Fine-structure collision strengths are calculated for transitions between the ground-state levels of atomic oxygen. The R-matrix method is used in which the (2p4) 3P, 1D and 1S terms are included as well as three pseudo-states chosen to represent the dipole polarizability of the 3P ground state. Very sophisticated con…
The electrical transport properties of SiO2 films (⩾3 μm in thickness) containing Ge nanocrystals have been studied. We found that the films exhibit T−1/2 dependence of ln(σ) under relatively low electric fields independent of the volume fraction of Ge in the films, where T and σ are the temperature and the conductivi…
Technologically important lead‐based ferroelectric niobates of the type A(B′B″)O 3 (where A is Pb, B′ is Fe, Ni, Mg, or Zn, and B″ is Nb), and their solid solutions with barium titanate and lead titanate, have been prepared via a solution combustion process that involves metal nitrates/oxalate and tetraformal trisazin…
A new procedure to perform quantitative analysis without any internal standard has been developed within Rietveld analysis. This new approach permits solution of the problem due to the presence of an amorphous phase when its chemical composition or the global sample composition is known. The equations developed, based…
The concept of the reference lattice has been thoroughly discussed in physical and in higher-dimensional spaces. Such an approach has been applied to diffraction pattern analysis of different periodic, modulated and other aperiodic structures. It has been shown that two periodicities can be found in diffraction patter…
We measured the third-order susceptibilities χijkl〈3〉 of new bisdithiafulvenyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalene, using the degenerate four-wave mixing method. From these measurements we deduced the values of the second-order hyperpolarizabilities γ and their molecular and electronic contributions. We compared the third-…
This article is devoted to the conduction mechanisms involved in some highly electrically anisotropic resin–graphite particle composites. These materials are known to show a percolation phenomenon as the filler content is varied; they are epoxy or polyurethane based, the conducting particles are oriented single-crysta…