Materials Literature
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Collagen, a fibrous protein, is an essential structural component of all connective tissues such as cartilage, bones, ligaments, and skin. Type I collagen, the most abundant form, is a heterotrimer assembled from two identical alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. However, most synthetic systems have addressed homotrime…
The lateral order of poly(styrene- block -isoprene) copolymer (PS- b -PI) thin films is characterized by the emerging technique of resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSOXS) at the carbon π* resonance and compared to ordering in bulk samples of the same materials measured using conventional small-angle X-ray scattering. W…
In a recent paper [Duan et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 174203 (2006)], we derived explicit expressions for the effective conductivities of heterogeneous media containing perfectly bonded ellipsoidal inclusions of diverse shapes, spatial distributions, and orientations. In this paper, we take into account the effect of three…
Existing electrochemical experiments and models of fuel oxidation postulate about the importance of different oxidation pathways and relative fuel conversion efficiencies, but specific information is often lacking. Experiments described below present the first direct, in situ measurements of relevant chemical species…
In this paper, novel honeycomb- and flowerlike CuO nanoarchitectures assembled from nanowires and nanoribbons were successively prepared on copper foils by an anion-controlled mild hydrothermal method. A series of control experiments confirm that the concentration of inorganic anions, the concentration of surfactant,…
The nonequilibrium cation site occupancy in nanosized zinc ferrites $(\ensuremath{\sim}6--13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ with different degree of inversion ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.2$ to 0.4) was investigated using Fe and Zn $K$-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption…
The effect of HF etching of the silicon oxide shell covering the surface of Si nanocrystals (NCs) on the subsequent room-temperature atmospheric oxidation of Si-NCs has been investigated by means of photoluminescence measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscop…
We study decoherence processes of an S = 1/2 localized spin coupled to conduction band electrons in a metal or a semiconductor via an Ising-like interaction. We derive master equations for the density matrix of the localized spin, by tracing out all degrees of freedom in the conduction electron system based on the lin…
Kicking out cholesterol: The release of guest molecules (cholesterol) included in the pores of mesoporous silica is promoted by simultaneous irradiation with UV and visible light. The reversible cis–trans photoisomerization of azobenzene substituents on the pore surface causes a stirring action, which accelerates the…
Uniform-sized monodisperse cerium oxide nanoparticles were prepared in a one-step reaction. A cerium−oleate complex was heated in an organic solvent with high boiling point to decompose and form nanocrystals. The products were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, UV−visible spectroscopy, room-temperature photolum…
Its low weight, high melting point, and large degree of hardness make elemental boron a technologically interesting material. The large number of allotropes, mostly containing over a hundred atoms in the unit cell, and their difficult characterization challenge both experimentalists and theoreticians. Even the ground…
Interrelations of domain wall (extrinsic) contributions to dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of ferroic samples are a hot subject of both theoretical and experimental research. Recently,we have derived theoretical formulas for such contributions, using model of composite layer sample: central single-…
This work presents a continuation of our last paper, concerning the theory of the response of an antiparallel domain structure in a plate-like electroded sample to external electric field. The theory is based on the exact formula for free energy of the system, formed of a central ferroelectric part, isolated from elec…
Macroscopic properties of ferroelectric samples, including those in form of thin films, are, to large extent, influenced by their domain structure. In this paper the free energy is calculated for a plate-like sample composed of nonferroelectric surface layers and ferroelectric central part with antiparallel domains. T…
The contribution Delta_epsilon of extremely small motions of domain walls to small-signal permittivity of a multidomain ferroelectric sample has been a research issue for many years. In ferroelastic ferroelectrics such motions contribute also to their piezoelectric (by Delta_d) and elastic (by Delta_s) properties. Dat…
Many single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) properties near the Fermi level were successfully predicted using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model characterized by a single parameter, V1. We show however that this model fails for armchair-edge graphene nanostrips due to interactions directly across hexagons. These same…
A pHunction of pH: The silver nanoprism fusion process can be turned on and off as a function of the pH value during photochemical synthesis. With appropriate pH regulation (see TEM images, middle and right), one can achieve excellent control over the nanoprism edge length with a fixed 10-nm thickness and the correspo…
The majority of carboxylic acid groups formed after treatment of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) material with nitric acid are present on carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs) (see figure). These CCFs are removed from the SWCNTs by treatment with NaOH solution and identified as carriers of the COOH functi…
We report a novel ligand-induced etching process in which hyperbranched and multivalent coordinating polymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI) react with preformed gold nanocrystals to form atomic gold clusters that are soluble in water and are highly fluorescent upon UV light excitation. These “as-prepared” fluorescent…
The stability of a composite interface of roughness-induced superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. To have high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis, superhydrophobic surfaces should be able to form a composite interface with air pockets in the valleys between asperities (pillars). However, the composite inte…